“…With unsupervised protocols, the data lacks labels, and the algorithm must devise its own associative rules to understand patterns in the data. Among a range of practical applications, supervised machine learning has been used to predict customer behavior [162,163], differentiate cells of different histologies [164,165] and recognize faces [166,167]. With unsupervised machine learning, the algorithm seeks to cluster entities based upon some discoverable property of the entities, for example, grouping anonymous individuals within a large crowd based upon biometric or acquired physical variables [168,169].…”