Data Center Flooded Lead Acid Battery Early Degradation Causes, Analysis, and Mitigation

Al-Jabarti, Fahad; Al-Mutairi, Abdulaziz; Alharbi, Abdullah G.

doi:10.1109/intlec.2018.8612300

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…During the discharge, the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction of the lead metal in Pb2 + which, when combined with the ions of the electrolytic solution, becomes PbSO4 -as can be seen from the following half reaction: (1) where "" for charge and "→" for discharge. At the positive electrode, the reduction of lead peroxide occurs, the lead in the Pb4 ++ state reacts with the ions of the electrolyte solution and precipitates as PbSO4 according to the following reaction:…”

Section: Fig 1 Lead Acid Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example in hospitals, the numerous UPS groups power all critical applications such as datacenters and life-saving machines. In these applications, system reliability is of utmost importance and in many cases these batteries have shown severe degradation after a few years [1]. Each battery is made up of 3 or 6 individual cells, each with a nominal voltage of approximately 2 V which supply a voltage of 6 and 12 V to the battery respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System for repetitive battery charge and discharge tests for battery life analysis

Ciancetta¹,

Fiorucci²,

Fioravanti³

et al. 2023

RE&PQJ

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Lead-acid batteries are and will still be widely used to power various electrical systems. Unfortunately, these are found for most of the time at rest and by the time they are called to work, they could be out of order, creating real problems for critical infrastructures. The work aims to lead to the construction of a test system for verifying the performance and life of UPS batteries starting from the analysis of different batteries with equivalent characteristics. The first step serves to determine a standardization of the work and of the system to obtain a useful reference for the comparison and repetition of subsequent tests.

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Section: Fig 1 Lead Acid Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System for repetitive battery charge and discharge tests for battery life analysis

Ciancetta¹,

Fiorucci²,

Fioravanti³

et al. 2023

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All types of batteries when unused and off-shelf, discharge slowly, but continuously by a phenomenon called selfdischarge [20]. This energy loss is due to local action inside the battery that depends on level of minute impurities in battery elements and accuracy of manufacturing process control.…”

Section: B Self-discharge Loss / Retention Of Charge (Roc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse Legacy to Repower the Microgrids–An Affordable Solution for Test and Restoration of Repurposed Lead Acid Batteries

Jan

Dubois

Uddin

et al. 2020

2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power &Amp; Internet Energy Systems (SPIES)

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Initial cost is an important consideration as many problems raised by the insufficient battery capacity had eventually resulted in microgrid failure. The trending use of expensive, but more efficient and maintenance free lithium-ion batteries in millions of light vehicles such as golf carts will decommission a large amount of existing lead acid batteries to be used for electrification purposes at much lower cost. These used batteries in their second life can significantly reduce the storage cost of electrification in off-grid systems or in the most demanding business activities such as powering vendor hand-carts and community shops. Though, the used batteries are sold at cheaper price, they still require costly equipment and time consuming tests to evaluate if and for how long they can be repurposed. This paper is prepared to propose a rapid, low cost, and bulk test procedure for lead acid battery characterization, capacity measurements, and restoration without any of their known history or datasheet using deep cycling process. Parameters are suggested to help in remaining life identification and to qualify these batteries for grouping in power packs based on their health and capacity. Finally, a process to review test results and make appropriate decisions regarding the battery reuse or recycling is provided.

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“…Other parameters such as temperature, discharge rate, time between full charge, charge rate, stratification, and partial cycling are not taken into account. Fathiet al [23] showed and discussed the results of a long-term monitoring of a lead-acid battery bank, which is a part of a modular 7.2 kWp standalone photovoltaic power plant. Results show that the lowest efficiency of 68% was observed for the days when the duration of charge and discharge are short.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Degradation Processes in Lead–Acid Batteries on the Technoeconomic Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Delgado-Sánchez

Lillo-Bravo

2020

Energies

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Most technoeconomic feasibility studies of photovoltaic (PV) systems with batteries are mainly focused on the load demand, PV system profiles, total system costs, electricity price, and the remuneration rate. Nevertheless, most do not emphasise the influence degradation process such as corrosion, sulphation, stratification, active material seeding, and gassing on battery lifetime, efficiency, and capacity. In this paper, it is analysed the influence of the degradation processes in lead–acid batteries on the technoeconomic analysis of PV systems with and without battery. Results show that Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Discounted PayBack Period (DPBP) have a heavy dependence on the assumptions about the value of the battery performance parameters according to its degradation processes. Results show NPV differences in the range from −307% to 740%, PBP differences in the range from 9% to 188%, and DPBP differences in the range from 0% to 211%.

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Data Center Flooded Lead Acid Battery Early Degradation Causes, Analysis, and Mitigation

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

System for repetitive battery charge and discharge tests for battery life analysis

System for repetitive battery charge and discharge tests for battery life analysis

Reuse Legacy to Repower the Microgrids–An Affordable Solution for Test and Restoration of Repurposed Lead Acid Batteries

Influence of Degradation Processes in Lead–Acid Batteries on the Technoeconomic Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

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