Data-driven approaches in the investigation of social perception

Adolphs, Ralph; Nummenmaa, Lauri; Todorov, Alexander; Haxby, James V.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0367

Cited by 84 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our narrative approach was not "theory-driven" but, on the contrary, "data-driven": this implies that data were approached with no specific and previously determined questions. [55][56][57] Narrative research necessarily involves the patient as the main participant and generates themes and topics that can be further tested. It can be especially useful in areas of complex clinical management that lack clear evidence-based treatment pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study On Patients With Chronic Migraine With Medication Overuse Headache: Comparing Frequent And Non‐Frequent Relapsers

Scaratti¹,

Covelli

Guastafierro³

et al. 2018

Headache

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Background It is common clinical experience that, after structured withdrawal, some patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (CM with MOH) are more prone than others to relapse and to be in need of further structured treatments. Our aim was to explore similarities and differences between frequent relapsers (FRs) and non‐frequent relapsers (NFRs) by considering their point of view, perceptions, and perspective of their subjective experience with relapse into CM with MOH. Methods Patients were consecutively recruited on occasion of a structured withdrawal treatment and were interviewed individually about their headache experience and their perspectives on relapse into CM with MOH. We considered FR those patients requiring 2 or more structured withdrawals for MOH within 3 years. A narrative approach with no preconceived coding schemes was employed. To facilitate coding, categorization and organization of data the software QRS NVivo 11.0 was used: themes were defined as common to FR and NFR, or peculiar (by frequency or content) to one of the 2 groups. Results Sixteen patients (13 women; mean age of 53) were interviewed: 7 were classified as FRs. A total of 22 themes emerged from 552 single quotations (the 10 most relevant covered 82% of the entire body of quotations). Four themes were commonly reported by both FR and NFR patients, and 6 were peculiar to one group only. Common aspects included issues connected to the dilemma between disclosing, concealing and the feelings of isolation around MOH, the idea of being addicted to medication, presence of anxiety, and the attempt to use non‐pharmacological therapies as an alternative to medication. Peculiar aspects included causal attribution (FRs attributed headache to uncontrollable factors); future expectations at the time point of withdrawal (FRs were generally resigned); high‐performance functioning (FRs believed they are “forced” to reach high levels of performance as a consequence of others’ inability); coping strategies (FRs tended to “passively accept” problems and showed avoidance‐related behaviors). Moreover, FRs were less frequently aware of their problems and described more frequently depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our results highlight that some differences between FR and NFR patients with CM and MOH exist. Frequent relapsers among patients with CM and MOH reported some important peculiarities of the lived experience of having chronic migraine; clinicians should recognize these psychosocial aspects such as social relationships, future expectations, the experience of illness, medication management, and how the withdrawal experience is regarded, as they may be associated with frequent relapse into MOH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study On Patients With Chronic Migraine With Medication Overuse Headache: Comparing Frequent And Non‐Frequent Relapsers

Scaratti¹,

Covelli

Guastafierro³

et al. 2018

Headache

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“…In line with this last point, more recent work has begun to use this method to investigate whether there are meaningful differences in neural synchrony between groups of individuals that may reflect subjective experiences of a stimulus (e.g., Ames, Honey, Chow, Todorov, & Hasson, ; Yeshurun et al, ). Finally, it is worth noting that although this method is essentially univariate and therefore blind to the potential information contained in patterns of activity over time (Adolphs, Nummenmaa, Todorov, & Haxby, ) there has, however, been a recent effort to extend this approach to measure the multivariate pattern similarity of voxel timecourses during movie viewing using canonical correlation analysis (Bilenko & Gallant, ; Kriegeskorte, ).…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Multivariate and Data‐driven Approaches mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the neural representation of self and person knowledge with multivariate pattern analysis and data‐driven approaches

Wagner

Chavez

Broom

2018

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Multivariate pattern analysis and data‐driven approaches to understand how the human brain encodes sensory information and higher level conceptual knowledge have become increasingly dominant in visual and cognitive neuroscience; however, it is only in recent years that these methods have been applied to the domain of social information processing. This review examines recent research in the field of social cognitive neuroscience focusing on how multivariate pattern analysis (e.g., pattern classification, representational similarity analysis) and data‐driven methods (e.g., reverse correlation, intersubject correlation) have been used to decode and characterize high‐level information about the self, other persons, and social groups. We begin with a review of what is known about how self‐referential processing and person perception are represented in the medial prefrontal cortex based on conventional activation‐based neuroimaging approaches. This is followed by a nontechnical overview of current multivariate pattern‐based and data‐driven neuroimaging methods designed to characterize and/or decode neural representations. The remainder of the review focuses on examining how these methods have been applied to the topic of self, person perception, and the perception of social groups. In this review, we highlight recent trends (e.g., analysis of social networks, decoding race and social groups, and the use of naturalistic stimuli) and discuss several theoretical challenges that arise from the application of these new methods to the question of how the brain represents knowledge about the self and others. This article is categorized under: Neuroscience > Cognition

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“…Equally relevant is the challenge of applying ongoing methodological advances in the neurosciences to the study of encounter‐based impressions . In terms of fMRI‐based research, for example, it seems crucial to expand the repertoire of analyses beyond standard approaches (such as univariate whole‐brain contrasts).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equally relevant is the challenge of applying ongoing methodological advances in the neurosciences to the study of encounter-based impressions. 129 In terms of fMRI-based research, for example, it seems crucial to expand the repertoire of analyses beyond standard approaches (such as univariate whole-brain contrasts). Additional methods, such as effective connectivity analysis 118 or multivariate pattern analysis, 90 are likely to reveal not only which brain regions are co-active during a given task but also which of these regions form functional networks, by directly aligning their activity and/or representations over time.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroscience of people watching: how the human brain makes sense of other people's encounters

Quadflieg

Koldewyn

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Neuroscientific investigations interested in questions of person perception and impression formation have traditionally asked their participants to observe and evaluate isolated individuals. In recent years, however, there has been a surge of studies presenting third-party encounters between two (or more) individuals as stimuli. Owing to this subtle methodological change, the brain's capacity to understand other people's interactions and relationships from limited visual information--also known as people watching--has become a distinct topic of inquiry. Though initial evidence indicates that this capacity relies on several well-known networks of the social brain (including the person-perception network, the action-observation network, and the mentalizing network), a comprehensive framework of people watching must overcome three major challenges. First, it must develop a taxonomy of judgments that people habitually make when witnessing the encounters of others. Second, it must clarify which visual cues give rise to these encounter-based judgments. Third, it must elucidate how and why several brain networks work together to accomplish these judgments. To advance all three lines of research, we summarize what is currently known as well as what remains to be studied about the neuroscience of people watching.

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Data-driven approaches in the investigation of social perception

Cited by 84 publications

References 54 publications

A Qualitative Study On Patients With Chronic Migraine With Medication Overuse Headache: Comparing Frequent And Non‐Frequent Relapsers

A Qualitative Study On Patients With Chronic Migraine With Medication Overuse Headache: Comparing Frequent And Non‐Frequent Relapsers

Decoding the neural representation of self and person knowledge with multivariate pattern analysis and data‐driven approaches

The neuroscience of people watching: how the human brain makes sense of other people's encounters

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