Data-Driven Look-Ahead Unit Commitment Considering Forbidden Zones and Dynamic Ramping Rates

Data-Driven Stochastic Scheduling for Energy Integrated Systems

“…In further studies of the conservativeness, we find that the objective costs in DD-1 are always higher than those in DD-Inf, which reflects that DD-1 is more conservative than DD-Inf. This is because the L 1 norm leads to a larger convergence rate (i.e., θ) than that derived from the L ∞ norm, which is shown in Figure 5 (notice here it is reproduced with permission from [6]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018.)…”

“…The Benders decomposition algorithm has been a very popular approach to solving many stochastic problems in power systems (e.g., [5,6,38,41]).…”

“…It is a general model which can run in different time periods, depending on the fluctuation of uncertain parameters as well as operators' needs. In this paper, it runs as look-ahead unit commitment (LAUC), with shorter time horizon than the day-ahead unit commitment, in which six hours are considered and each time interval corresponds to fifteen minutes (e.g., δ = 15) that is general in LAUC [6], leading to 24 time intervals in total. Besides, it can also run as a day-ahead unit commitment covering 24 h with each time interval being 1 h, but in this paper we only study the former condition.…”

“…In addition, recently, significant research progress has been achieved to address the uncertainty brought by renewable energy generation [5,6]. Among such studies, stochastic optimization and robust optimization are common approaches to address the aforementioned uncertainty to help improve decision making, since these approaches are suitable for a real-time power system and electricity market [5].…”

“…In practice, some thermal generators have forbidden zones due to physical limitations; for example, vibrations may be amplified in certain ranges, which are just called forbidden zones [7]. Therefore, considering that power generation ramps are continuous in real-time operation that power generation in the forbidden zones is thus inevitable, power generation must be within such zones in the shortest possible time in order to minimize damage to the mechanical system [6]. Motivated by this idea, we include generators' operations within forbidden zones in our proposed model so that the model can more accurately represent the operation system in the real world.…”