Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-Metallic Minerals

Olphen, H. van; Fripiar, J. J.

doi:10.1097/00010694-198101000-00013

Cited by 414 publications

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“…These results show the activity and the development of specific area is much higher when the rate of active clay (bentonite) is important. There is a direct impact on the swelling potential of these mixtures, which is in accordance with other researchers work studies [10,11,12,13,14] between mixtures and swelling potential.…”

Section: Cmss-2017supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of swelling mineral on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil

2018

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Abstract. The shrinking and swelling is a very common phenomenon in the world, mainly in arid and semiarid areas. The construction on these soils often requires a study of the risk of swelling, in advance. The emergence of this phenomenon in soils is caused primarily by the presence of swelling clays and water. The risk is most significant when the rate of the expansive minerals, such as bentonite, is important. Several researchers have studied the relationship between the percentages of swelling minerals and soil swelling potential. The researchers have shown the difficulty of characterization, because of the complexity of the phenomenon under natural conditions, where several other phenomena occur, and which are not considered in laboratory experimentation. This article addresses the characterization of several soils, with different swelling rates from the physical, chemical and mechanical tests. It shows the relationship between the quantity of swelling minerals and some site conditions, such as water content and consolidation stress, on the ability of soil to swell. This work aims to establish empirical relationships between the percentage of swelling minerals and soil swelling potential.

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Section: Cmss-2017supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of swelling mineral on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil

2018

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“…Wyoming Na-montmorilonite SWy-2 (MMT) was obtained from the Source Clays Repository of the Clay Mineral Society (Columbia, MO); cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area were 76.4 meq/100 g and 756 m 2 /g, respectively. 27 Poly-4-vinylpiridine-co-styrene -PVPcoS (MW = 1,200,000−1,500,000 Da; PVP-to-S ratio 9:1), poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride -PDADMAC (MW 400,000−500,000 Da), pyrene (98% purity), and humic acid sodium salt technical grade (HA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Stenheim, Germany). To dissolve PVPcoS, 90% of the monomers (pyridine) were charged by adding stiochometric concentrations of H 2 SO 4 (95% purity).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Humic Acid on Pyrene Removal from Water by Polycation-Clay Mineral Composites and Activated Carbon

Radian

Mishael

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Pyrene removal by polycation-montmorillonite (MMT) composites and granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of humic acid (HA) was examined. Pyrene, HA, and sorbent interactions were characterized by FTIR, fluorescence and zeta measurements, adsorption, and column filtration experiments. Pyrene binding coefficients to the macromolecules were in the order of PVPcoS (poly-4-vinylpiridine-co-styrene) > HA > PDADMAC (poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride), correlating to pyrene-macromolecules compatibility. Electrostatic interactions explained the high adsorption of HA to both composites (∼100%), whereas HA adsorption by GAC was low. Pyrene removal by the composites, unlike GAC, was enhanced in the presence of HA; removal by PDADMAC-MMT increased from ∼50 (k d = 2.2 × 10 3 kg/L) to ∼70% (k d = 2.4 × 10 3 kg/L) in the presence of HA. This improvement was attributed to the adsorption of pyrene-HA complexes. PVPcoS-MMT was most efficient in removing pyrene (k d = 1.1 × 10 4 kg/L, >95% removal) which was explained in terms of specific π donor−π acceptor interactions. Pyrene uptake by column filters of GAC reached ∼50% and decreased to ∼30% in the presence of HA. Pyrene removal by the PVPcoS-MMT filter was significantly higher (100−85% removal), exhibiting only a small decrease in the presence of HA. The utilization of HA as an enhancing agent in pollutant removal is novel and of major importance in water treatment. ■ INTRODUCTIONPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent hydrophobic contaminants that have been detected in aquatic systems all over the world and are included in the US EPA and the EU priority list of pollutants (e.g., benzo(a)pyrene limit in water is 0.0002 mg/L). 1,2 Fate and transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants (including PAHs) in the environment is strongly affected by interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM). 3−5 These interactions depend on both the chemical and structural characteristics of the pollutant and of the DOM and on the characteristics of the environmental system. 6 Studies have shown that in environmental systems the fate of organic contaminants can vary greatly in terms of adsorption or mobility. Several studies have demonstrated higher solubility and mobility of the pollutants in the presence of DOM. 7−9 For example, a study on enhanced organic pollutant solubility by DOM demonstrated increased partitioning coefficients into DOM with a decrease in pollutant water solubility and DOM polarity. 7 On the other hand, other studies have shown that the presence of DOM increased sorption and immobilization of organic pollutants to soil sediments and solid surfaces. 9−11 RavAcha and Rebhun 1992 suggested that DOM tended to solubilize organic pollutants when the adsorption coefficients (of the DOM) to the clay were relatively low, while adsorption of the pollutants to the clay increased as the DOM adsorption coefficients to the clay increased. 9 A later study also emphasized this complex behavior; the adsorption of an insecticide to soils d...

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“…AFM has been used to study minerals, but it is time consuming to analyze a sufficient number of particles with this technique and it can miss some of the interior detail (Bickmore et al 2002;Metz et al 2005). The major 716 method used for minerals is the measurement of BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area, where the adsorption of a nonreactive gas to the surface of the particles is used to determine the surface area (Brunauer et al 1938;Madsen 1977;van Olphen and Fripiat 1979;Pruett and Webb 1993;Bereznitski et al 1998;Schuttlefield et al 2007;Steudel et al 2009;Sanders et al 2010;Broadley et al 2012). BET measurements can show variability for particles depending on the gas used with up to a 37% difference shown between N 2 and Kr adsorption (Brantley and Mellott 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Method for Determining the Aspect Ratios of Mineral Dust Aerosol by Electron Microscopy

Veghte

Freedman

2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Mineral dust is the second largest atmospheric emission by mass and one of the least understood sources. The shape of the particles depends on their composition and has implications for particle optical properties and reactive surface area. Mineral dust particles are often approximated as spheroids to model their optical properties. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to measure the aspect ratios of calcite, quartz, NXillite, kaolinite (KGa-1b and KGa-2), and montmorillonite (STx1b and SWy-2). In addition to traditional SEM images of the top of the particles, the SEM substrates are oriented approximately normal to the electron beam in order to image the side of the particles. In this manner, aspect ratios for the top and side orientation of the particles are determined. Calcite particles have an aspect ratio of approximately 1.3 in both orientations, while quartz particles have an aspect ratio of 1.38 in the top orientation and 1.64 in the side orientation. The clay minerals studied all exhibited plate-like structures with aspect ratios of 1.35 to 1.44 for the top orientation and 4.80 to 9.14 for the side orientation. These values are used to estimate the specific surface areas (SSAs) of the minerals, which are compared to BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. Through this study, we present a simple method for determining the aspect ratios of aerosolized samples, rather than relying on literature values of model systems. As a result, this technique should provide a better method for determining the optical properties of mineral dust particles.

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Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-Metallic Minerals

Cited by 414 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of swelling mineral on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil

Effect of swelling mineral on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil

Effect of Humic Acid on Pyrene Removal from Water by Polycation-Clay Mineral Composites and Activated Carbon

Facile Method for Determining the Aspect Ratios of Mineral Dust Aerosol by Electron Microscopy

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