samples had elevated PI values for Cd, 13.0% for Cu, and 16.7% for Pb, clearly indicating an anthropogenic contribution of these three elements. The IPI of the agricultural soils also indicated that most areas are classified as having moderate and high pollution. Higher contents of trace elements (except for Mn) were found in some cities of the Isfahan, Hamadan, and Tehran provinces. Excessive application of conventional and organic fertilizers, pesticides, animal manure, and sewage sludge for enhancing crop production is responsible for high trace element content in Iran's agricultural soils. This in turn, through the food chain, is a threat to human health. Analysis of the correlation between trace elements exhibited that Cu, Pb, and Zn (Cd, Pb and Zn) were very closely associated with each other, showing that their prevalent sources are common and the efforts to regulate them linked in common actions. We consider this evaluation as a viable approach to other similar areas in the Middle East and beyond, which could be used by environmental scientists for risk assessment and decision making.