Data on substantial gravity of carbon dioxide due to pressured metered-dose inhaler steroid treatments for the 2006 year in Japan

Abstract

People all over the world should work in each individual against global warming due to greenhouse gas that is made up of a majority of carbon dioxide. On the other hand chloro-fluoro-carbon (CFC) was used with pressured metered-dose inhaler steroid therapy, but CFC became banning the use because of ozone depleting substance. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFA134a, tetra-fluoro-methane) is used as alternative CFC until now. Less-famously hydro-fluoro-carbon (HFA134a) have 1300-fold (mole ratio) energy of heat-trapping relative to carbon dioxide.On an extremely localized story, we derived substantial gravity of carbon dioxide from sales total of pressured metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) steroid drugs for the year in Japan. The amount of total sales of inhaled corticosteroid drugs on annual 2006 year was 320 hundred-millions yen. 88 hundred-millions yen (27.4% for total ICS sales) was accounted for pressured metered-dose inhaler steroid. Now in Japan there are three kinds of pressured metered-dose inhaler steroid drugs which all use tetra-fluoro-methane (HFA134a). In fact total gravity of tetra-fluoro-methane (HFA134a) from pressured metered-dose inhaler steroid for annual 2006 year was 19.7 t and substantial gravity of carbon dioxide was 10.8 thousand ton. As total gravity of carbon dioxide production throughout the year in Japan was 13 hundred-million ton. Therefore substantial gravity of carbon dioxide by steroids pressured metered-dose inhaler was very small (0.001%) compared to total carbon dioxide production in Japan. Until today carbon-dioxide reducing make very slow progress, for that reason medical service worker unexceptionally should exert an effort for carbon-dioxide reduction if only slightly through the daily clinical examination.

The PHH-1V HIPRA vaccine: a new tool in the vaccination strategy against COVID-19

“…tle differences have implications for the ways in which these vaccines are deployed, for example, whether individuals who are immunocompromised might benefit preferentially from an adjuvanted vaccine. Adjuvanted vaccines induce high levels of protective antibodies, long-lasting immune response of memory cells and a higher degree of cross-immunisation than do non-adjuvanted [36][37][38][39][40][41]. The improved amplitude of the response achieved with adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted vaccines may offer an advantage in the face of antigenic drift such as is being observed for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.…”

Determination of Greenhouse Gases Emissions From Pmdi Products in Greece

“…In order to calculate the pMDΙs CO2eq emissions, the amount of propellant used per device is n eed ed . I n t h e current study the amount of propellant contained in pMDIs was derived from the scientific literature (Jeswani & Azapagic, 2019;Murayama & Murayama, 2018;Wilkinson et al 2019). The amount of propellant in pMDIs depends on several parameters, lik e t h e size o f inhaler, the number of doses contained, t h e t y pe o f t he active ingredients and the type of propellant (Jeswani and Azapagic, 2019).…”

“…The big number of patients worldwide and consecutively the big number of potential pMDI users, since not all patients, especially children and old people, are capab le of using DPIs, show the importance to main tain o n t he market all the therapeutic options in order to preserve patients' health and choice (ERS, 2021). HFA 1 3 4a a nd HFA 227ea propellants, that are currently used in pMDIs, are not ozone-depleting substances, but are recognized as greenhouse gases with high or very high Global Warming Potential (GWP), (Murayama and Murayama, 2018;Janson et al 2020) and therefore, they contribute to global warming (Hansel et al, 2019).…”