Data on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by adsorption using melanin nanopigment obtained from marine source: Pseudomonas stutzeri

Abstract

Heavy metals are one of deadly contaminants in ground water across the globe. Thus, herein, this data set comprises experimental and modelled data on the removal of heavy metals from ground water using melanin synthesized by the marine bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri. Characterization of biosynthesized melanin and modelling of the kinetic and the thermodynamic study on adsorption of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg(II)), lead (Pb(II)), chromium (Cr(VI)), and copper (Cu(II)) are included in this article. Apart from the study of parameters involved in adsorption such as pH, temperature, concentration and time; the data from these studies are modelled to analyze the nature and characteristic of heavy metals adsorbing to melanin nanoparticles. The figures from models, results from models as tables, characterization and analytical figures are depicted in this work.

Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications

“…IR spectroscopy, [ 213,227 ] often FTIR spectroscopy relies on spectral differences for IR transmission (passing through samples), absorbance or reflection, where these differences enable functional group identification based on the energies of specific vibrational modes. FTIR is a very popular method of characterising melanins due to its simplicity, availability, and broad applicability, and has been used to characterize synthetic melanins (formed with a variety of monomers including dopamine, [ 228,229 ] 5‐S‐cys‐DOPA, [ 230 ] DHN, [ 231 ] and HGA; [ 232 ] and optionally the presence of additives such as anionic polysaccharides [ 134 ] to mimic the biological milieu) and natural melanins from bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas sp ., [ 233 ] Pseudomonas stutzeri , [ 234 ] Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus [ 182 ] ), fungi (e.g., Inonotus hispidus , [ 183 ] Lasiodiplodia theobromae , [ 235 ] Yarrowia lipolytica [ 236 ] ), cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis [ 110,237,238 ] ) and humans (e.g., kidney and prostate stones, [ 239 ] Egyptian mummies from 1500 B.C. [ 240 ] ).…”

“…XPS involves irradiating samples with X‐rays and measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons emitted, yielding spectra that offer insight into chemical composition (formula) and the chemical/electronic state of the elements [ 161,345 ] XPS has been applied for a variety of different melanins and reasons, showing the presence of eumelanin in cephalopod ink sacs from the Jurassic era (>160 million years ago), highlighting the potential for fundamental science offering information to archaeological studies [ 187 ] and in combination with computational studies for technological applications. [ 162 ] XPS can be used to characterize and analyze the metal ion interactions with melanins, for example, metal binding by melanins produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri , [ 234 ] highlighting the potential of such natural melanins for environmental remediation and thereby both blue and gray biotechnologies. XPS has been used to study the discoloration of a model Rattan crop ( Daemonorops margaritae ) which is cultivated on a large scale in Southeast Asia, however, discoloration diminishes its economic value, and this was shown to be primarily due to the melanins produced by fungi that grow on the rattan (in this case by XPS analysis of rattan inoculated with Lasiodiplodia theobromae ), [ 235 ] which is important for green biotechnology supported economies.…”

“…SEM uses a beam of electrons to illuminate samples and creates images from measurements of electrons that are reflected or back scattered off the surface of the sample, enabling analysis of particle size distributions and elemental compositions when used in combination with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDS). [ 386,482,483 ] SEM and optionally EDX/EDS have been applied to study synthetic melanins, [ 29,231 ] and melanins produced by a variety of species, including: bacteria ( Pseudomonas sp ., [ 233 ] Pseudomonas stutzeri , [ 234 ] Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus [ 121 ] ); yeast ( Yarrowia lipolytica [ 236 ] ); fungi ( Aspergillus fumigatus , [ 484 ] Inonotus hispidus , [ 183 ] Mycosphaerella fijiensis , [ 45 ] Armillaria cepistipes [ 391 ] ); cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis [ 485 ] ); zebrafish, [ 486 ] melanosomes isolated from human hair [ 379,487 ] ) and from bovine/fish eyes; [ 488,489 ] the cartilage of AKU patients, [ 448,451 ] and neuromelanin in the subtantia nigra of human brain tissue; [ 490 ] typically observing nanometer scale particles that have aggregated to form larger particles with sizes between tens to hundreds of micrometers.…”

“…TEM uses a beam of electrons to illuminate samples and creates images from measurements of electrons that pass through very thin specimens (and contrast in images caused by differences in electron densities within different regions of the samples). [ 386,482,483 ] TEM has been used to examine melanins and materials containing melanins from a variety of sources including: synthetic melanins (based on DHICA/DHI, [ 496 ] l ‐DOPA, [ 236 ] DHN [ 231 ] ); bacteria ( Pseudomonas maltophilia , [ 497 ] Pseudomonas stutzeri , [ 234 ] Vibrio natriegens [ 181 ] ), yeast (Cryptococcus neoformans [ 167 ] ), fungi ( Aspergillus fumigatus , [ 484 ] Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis [ 498 ] ), human bone osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro [ 446 ] and human tissues ex vivo (e.g., aortic valves, [ 493 ] bone, [ 344,494 ] cartilage [ 170,499 ] ); and TEM equipped with EDX/EDS has been used to quantify the elemental composition of Al, C, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, O, P, Si, and Zn in human melanosomes in the eye ex vivo.…”

Marine Bacteria Is the Cell Factory to Produce Bioactive Pigments: A Prospective Pigment Source in the Ocean

“…Melanin extracted from bacteria has also been reported in heavy metal treatment, prevent fouling and formation of biofilm. Manirethan et al (2018Manirethan et al ( , 2020 used the melanin pigment extracted from gram-negative bacterium P. stutzeri for the absorption of heavy metals like copper, mercury, chromium, lead, and Arsenic where the absorption may be due to the presence of the COOH, NH, phenolic OH groups where maximum efficiency was absorbed in a pH ranging from mildly acidic to neutral. As a twist Melanin impregnated with copper and iron on its surface proved to be efficient in removing arsenic by chemisorption and it was also noted that melanin exhibited thermostability up to 120 • C and showed peak absorption of arsenic at pH of 4-6 where XPS studies showed that arsenite before binding to Cu-, Fe-Impregnated melanin oxidized to arsenate and finally removing the Cu and Fe by Hcl treatment for the recycling of melanin and again impregnating it with fresh Cu and Fe element for absorption which showed 99% efficiency to 4 absorption and desorption cycles.…”