Dating Ancient Mortar

Hale, J. R.; Heinemeier, Jan; Lancaster, Lynne C.; Lindroos, Alf; Ringbom, Åsa

doi:10.1511/2003.2.130

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In this process slaked lime is transformed back into calcium carbonate. Manufacturing process of mortars was described for example by Hale et al (2003), Nawrocka et al (2005), Lindroos et al (2007) and Heinemeier et al (2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that binder absorbs CO 2 during the hardening process is the basis for radiocarbon dating of mortars and plasters, described by Hale et al (2003), Nawrocka et al (Nawrocka et al 2005 andMichalska Nawrocka et al, 2007); Lindroos et al (2007) and Heinemeier et al (2010). The radiocarbon dating of carbonate binders is possible after an appropriate preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

et al. 2014

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This study presents the preliminary results of investigation of the lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel), using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The research was conducted in order to characterize the building material and its reaction to ionizing radiation. The ancient settlement Hippos, situated on the east shore of the Sea of Galilee, functioned from the 3 rd cent. BC until it was destroyed by the earthquake in 749 AD. Lime mortars and plasters show carbonate and locally gypsum character of binder and different kind of aggregate. Samples were γ-irradiated and measured using X-band EPR spectrometer. Computer Resolution Enhancement Method was applied to the complex spectra. Some of the γ-induced EPR signals were attributed to CO 2 -and CO 3 3-paramagnetic centres. Exponential growth of the dose response curve above 1 kGy and saturation for doses above 20 kGy was observed. For doses lower than 1 kGy the dose response curve has a linear character. The presence of γ-sensitive carbonate paramagnetic centres could indicate that, after further studies, well-chosen samples of mortars and plasters might be suitable for EPR dating, assuming the centres have been sufficiently bleached during the manufacturing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

et al. 2014

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“…In fact, a large number of relevant experiments have been carried out by means of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) (Hale et al, 2003;Nawrocka et al, 2005;Lindroos et al, 2007;Scharf, 2007). But despite noteworthy efforts, mortar dating by AMS has not become a routine method, as the chemical separation of calcite, formed during solidification of lime in historic periods, from geological calcite remains a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating mortar by optically stimulated luminescence: A feasibility study

Goedicke

2011

Geochronometria

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Abstract:Quartz is the datable component in mortar. Although its luminescence properties are very well studied, the problem of mortar dating arises from a low level of optical bleaching. In order to reduce the time consuming efforts for dating lime mortar in monuments by optically stimulated luminescence, we investigated the most suitable methods of dose and dose rate determination, and we explored tests which are suitable to predict the datability of a given material. Reverting to the large number of publications on sedimentary partially bleached quartz we found linear modulation techniques especially useful, equally we also recommend the determination of the level of optical depletion before starting analyses. Single grain analysis is regarded as an ultimate but infallible tool to date very poorly bleached quartz from mortar. Dose rate measurements need to take into account the radioactive equilibrium of the uranium decay and the short range inhomogeneity of the environmental gamma radiation field: gamma spectrometry and on-site TLD measurements are best suited.

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“…This problem is connected not only with the process of mortar production, but also seems to depend on climatic and hydrological conditions. In order to estimate the 14 C age of a carbonate mortar sample, it was necessary to develop a proper method of sample preparation, a job that has been attempted by many authors (Heinemeier et al 1997;Sonninen and Jungner 2001;Hale et al 2003;Lindroos et al 2007;Michalska Nawrocka et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹⁴C Dating of Carbonate Mortars from Polish and Israeli Sites

Michalska

Czernik²,

Goslar

2009

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. The presented research involves the analysis and radiocarbon dating of 2 different groups of carbonate mortars, from Kraków, Poland and Hippos, Israel. Differences in composition of the mortars are reflected in different rates of their acid leaching. The Israeli mortars contain carbonate-basaltic aggregates, which may cause overestimation of 14 C age. Preliminary processing of these samples (choice of selected grain-size fraction and collection of CO 2 released during the first phase of the acid-leaching reaction), enabled us to obtain good agreement between the 14 C dates and the age derived from historical contexts. A similar method of preliminary processing was applied to the carbonate mortars of the Medieval building in Kraków. The Polish samples represent carbonate mortars with some admixture of quartz aggregates, suggesting that they would be an ideal material for 14 C dating. However, these samples contained white lumps of carbonates, the structure of which differed from that of the binder. These admixtures, possibly related to the hydrological conditions at the site and to the character of the ingredients, appeared modern, and if not removed prior to acid leaching, they could cause underestimation of the age of samples. The 14 C dates of the mortars from the walls of the Small Scales building in Kraków are the first obtained for this object, and their sequence does not contradict archaeological indications on several phases of the building construction.

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Dating Ancient Mortar

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Dating mortar by optically stimulated luminescence: A feasibility study

¹⁴C Dating of Carbonate Mortars from Polish and Israeli Sites

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Dating Ancient Mortar

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Dating mortar by optically stimulated luminescence: A feasibility study

14C Dating of Carbonate Mortars from Polish and Israeli Sites

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¹⁴C Dating of Carbonate Mortars from Polish and Israeli Sites