Dating Continental Subduction Beneath the Samail Ophiolite: Garnet, Zircon, and Rutile Petrochronology of the As Sifah Eclogites, NE Oman

Garber, Joshua M.; Rioux, Matthew; Searle, Mike; Kylander‐Clark, Andrew; Hacker, Bradley R.; Vervoort, Jeff D.; Warren, Clare J.; Smye, Andrew J.

doi:10.1029/2021jb022715

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(445 reference statements)

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“…The Semail ophiolite was obducted onto the northeastern margin of the Arabian plate, along with the allochthonous thrust sheets beneath (Coleman, 1981;Glennie et al, 1973Glennie et al, , 1974Searle, 2007). The initial oceanic subduction of Tethyan oceanic crust below the Semail ophiolite occurred at about 96-95 Ma from U-Pb zircon dating of metamorphic sole amphibolites accreted along the base of ophiolite (Rioux et al, 2016) and the ensuing continental margin subduction reached its peak high-pressure metamorphism at about 81-77 Ma (Garber et al, 2021;Warren et al, 2003). The obduction of the Semail ophiolite resulted in south-westward thrusting of the accreted slope (Sumeini complex) and deep-marine Hawasina thrust sheets over the Arabian margin (Callot et al, 2017;Tarapoanca et al, 2013).…”

Section: Albian-cenomanian To Turonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Foreland Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of the United Arab Emirates

2022

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The subsurface and surface structural geometries of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) fold‐and‐thrust belt (FTB) and foreland basins are interpreted from seismic, well data, and surface geology. Twelve horizons ranging in age from Miocene to Lower Jurassic were interpreted and mapped. Additionally, we outlined subsurface extent of Sumeini and Hawasina allochthonous nappes. The tectonic subsidence curves suggest that the final major passive margin rifting event occurred in the early Aalenian and lasted till Oxfordian. Loading of the Semail ophiolite thrust sheet and accompanying allochthonous thrust sheets resulted in uplift at ca. 95 Ma and rapid subsidence at ca. 83 Ma, indicating the transition of the Arabian margin from a rifted passive margin to a foreland basin. The region witnessed an accelerated subsidence during the late Oligocene‐Miocene, attributed to the initial collision of the Central Iran and Arabian plates. The Permian‐Jurassic NW‐SE oriented rift faults were reactivated as thrust faults during the Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction and late Oligocene‐Miocene continental collision. Two different tectonic regimes are identified in the FTB. The northern regime is characterized by major inversion of the rift faults with up to 3,700 m throw, whereas the southern regime has a major pop‐up structure with possible basement origin. Four major west‐verging and east‐dipping thrusts, which cross the northern area, form fault‐propagation folds and dissect the entire stratigraphy. Moreover, the Hawasina décollement, together with the inverted basement structures formed the Jabal Hafit anticline as a backthrust structure.

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Section: Albian-cenomanian To Turonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Foreland Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of the United Arab Emirates

2022

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“…Leng and Gurnis (2011) proposed that slab sinking causes a strong influx of asthenosphere above the foundering slab (Figure 6d). This rollback must have followed initial melting of the sole by 100 Ma (Garber et al, 2021) and subsequently caused fast spreading forming the Samail Ophiolite at 96-94 Ma. Rollback probably aided the clockwise rotation of the Samail subduction zone as indicated by paleomagnetic data (Morris et al, 2016;van Hinsbergen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Subduction and Obductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The As Sifah Unit experienced HP metamorphism at 78 ± 2 Ma (El-Shazly et al, 2001) or 79 ± 1 Ma (Warren et al, 2003(Warren et al, , 2005 (see detailed discussion in Hansman et al (2021)). Garber et al (2021) reported three Sm-Nd garnet-whole-rock ages between 81 ± 1 and 78 ± 2 Ma. Because the garnets have typical growth zonation, the latter ages reflect a prograde-to-peak HP stage.…”

Section: Saih Hatat Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…)); position of future Samail subduction zone along transform zone (Hacker et al, 1996;van Hinsbergen et al, 2019); intra-Neotethys trench-transform system according to van studies have focused on the structurally lowest (As Sifah) tectonic unit of the nappe stack (reviews in Goscombe et al (2020) and Hansman et al (2021)). Prograde to peak HP metamorphism of the As Sifah Unit occurred between 81 and 76 Ma (El-Shazly et al, 2001;Garber et al, 2021;Warren et al, 2003Warren et al, , 2005. Most workers make the simplifying assumption that ages of 81-76 Ma date HP metamorphism across the entire Saih Hatat window (e.g., Agard et al, 2010;Garber et al, 2020;Hansman et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Some Like It Cold: The “Conundrum of Samail” Revisited

et al. 2023

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The "conundrum of Samail" (Hacker & Gnos, 1997) refers to the interaction of "hot" processes of subduction initiation with "cold" high-pressure (HP) metamorphism in the Oman Mountains. Hacker and Gnos (1997) discussed the example of the far-traveled, non-HP Samail Ophiolite and its underlying high-temperature (HT) metamorphic sole that formed above an infant, hot, intraoceanic subduction zone and overlies the cold, continental Saih Hatat HP complex that originated in a mature subduction setting (Figures 1 and 2).The onset of intraoceanic subduction is associated with the formation of a metamorphic sole (i.e., HT rocks subsequently welded to the base of the suprasubduction-zone ophiolite) reflecting elevated, transient thermal gradients (e.g., Dewey & Bird, 1971;Stern & Bloomer, 1992), which in the intraoceanic Samail subduction zone at the northeastern Arabian margin in Oman were up to ∼30°C km −1 (e.g., Garber et al., 2020;Searle & Cox, 2002). The available age data constraining high-grade metamorphism and partial melting of the metamorphic sole and subsequent formation of the Samail Ophiolite (Garber et al., 2020;Guilmette et al., 2018;Rioux et al., 2021;Soret et al., 2022) demonstrate hot subduction-zone processes between 105 and 93 Ma (Figure 3). Compiled data from 70 subduction zones by Lallemand and Arcay (2021) and numerical modeling by Peacock (1990) indicate that it takes 5-15 Ma between hot subduction-zone initiation and self-sustained, steady-state subduction characterized by a stable, low-thermal gradient of ∼10°C km −1 .The almost completely exposed Saih Hatat window (Figure 2) represents a formidable example of a HP complex and provides a one-of-a-kind natural laboratory important for understanding subduction-zone processes. A shortcoming of the Saih Hatat HP rocks is its controversial and incomplete geochronology. Almost all geochronologic

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“…And finally, studies of the Samail ophiolite have been greatly enriched by ongoing research on the processes of ophiolite emplacement, and related deformation within and surrounding ophiolites. We are delighted that seven papers in this Special Issue address these new data (Cox et al., 2021; A. D. Evans et al., 2021; Garber et al., 2021; Ninkabou et al., 2021; Pilia et al., 2021; Rioux, Benoit, et al., 2021; Rioux, Garber, et al., 2021), though of course much recent work on this topic has also been published elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preface: Special Issue on Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere

et al. 2023

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With this Preface, we provide background information, a scientific overview of topics, and an annotated bibliography of the 63 papers published in the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) Special Issue on “Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere, with a Focus on the Samail Ophiolite,” collected online at https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9356.SAMAIL1. Topics covered in the Special Issue include formation and alteration of igneous ocean crust at submarine spreading centers, subduction zone mass transfer at the leading edge of the mantle wedge, the tectonic emplacement and evolution of ophiolites, processes of alteration and weathering of tectonically exhumed mantle peridotite, and the subsurface biosphere in the peridotite weathering environment. The bibliography, in the form of a supplementary Excel spreadsheet with links to each paper, is organized by topic, but can be sorted by first author, order of publication, specific Oman Drilling Project boreholes, and other factors.

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Dating Continental Subduction Beneath the Samail Ophiolite: Garnet, Zircon, and Rutile Petrochronology of the As Sifah Eclogites, NE Oman

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Cited by 15 publications

References 122 publications

Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Foreland Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of the United Arab Emirates

Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Foreland Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of the United Arab Emirates

Some Like It Cold: The “Conundrum of Samail” Revisited

Preface: Special Issue on Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere

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