Daya Saing Bank Syariah Di Sebuah Negara Religius: Temuan Empirik Dari Indonesia

Abstract

This is the first study examining the market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia which using quarterly data. Specifically, this paper attempts to answer a question whether, in the high-religiosity country as Indonesia, Islamic banks have greatermarket power compared to its conventional counterparts. We construct Lerner's index to measure banks market power by using data from 2009 to 2013. We found that even in a biggest Muslim country in the world, Islamic banks have lowest market power. The result suggests that central banks of Indonesia should consider an alternative methods to promote Islamic banks market power since the balance between those two types of banks may enhance country financial stability. PENDAHULUANPerkembangan bank syariah di dunia saat ini telah menarik perhatian banyak kalangan, diantaranya adalah para praktisi dan akademisi. Berpusat di wilayah Timur Tengah, Afrika Utara, dan Negara-negara Muslim lainnya, bank syariah tumbuh sebesar 15% -50% per tahun lebih tinggi dari bank konvensional (Ernst & Young, 2014). Dengan jumlah sekitar 38 juta nasabah di seluruh dunia, total asset dari industri perbankan syariah di seluruh dunia telah mencapai US$ 1,7 milyar di tahun 2013. Meskipun pangsa pasar bank syariah di dunia masih kurang dari 2% (Beck et al., 2013), dengan kinerjanya yang positif dan per-tumbuhannya yang menjanjikan dapat menjadi indikasi kemampuan bank syariah untuk dapat bersaing dengan bank konvensional di industri perbankan dunia, terutama di negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya adalah Muslim.Dalam rangka menyoroti perkembangan perbankan syariah, artikel ini akan menelaah lebih lanjut mengenai daya saing (market power) atau tingkat kompetitif (competitiveness) bank syariah. Weill (2011) mendefinisikan daya saing sebagai kemampuan perbankan dalam mempengaruhi harga produk dan jasa perbankan yang dibebankan kepada nasabah. Daya saing bank syariah dapat dikaitkan dengan kompetisi di dalam industri perbankan. Semakin tinggi daya saing bank secara rata-rata

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