Daytime Sleepiness Is Associated With Reduced Integration of Temporally Distant Outcomes on the Iowa Gambling Task

Olson, Elizabeth A.; Weber, Marcel; Rauch, Scott L.; Killgore, William D. S.

doi:10.1080/15402002.2014.974182

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It would be interesting to discern risk taking from risk learning to see whether risky behaviour with negative outcomes in a real-life setting has less of an impact on future decisions when sleep has been restricted. People who are sleepy may also have a shorter learning span, such that they use more recent information rather than learning from information from longer ago 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction

Sundelin

Bayard

Schwarz

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Several studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects risky decision making. However, most of these are confounded by feedback given after each decision, indicating that decisions may be based on suboptimal feedback-learning rather than risk evaluation. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effect of sleep loss on aspects of prospect theory, specifically the framing effect and probability distortion. In this within-subjects design, 25 people had (i) two nights of an 8 h sleep opportunity, and (ii) two nights of a 4 h sleep opportunity, in a counter-balanced order. Following the two nights, they performed a gambling task with no immediate feedback; for each round, they could either gamble for a full amount, or take a settlement framed as a gain or a loss for part of the amount. Sleep restriction did not significantly affect the tendency to gamble, the framing effect, or probability distortion, as compared to normal sleep. These results indicate that two nights of sleep restriction affects neither general gambling tendency, nor two of the main predictions of prospect theory. This resilience may be due to a less extreme sleep loss than in previous studies, but also indicates that learning components and risk biases should be separated when assessing the effect of sleep loss on risky behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction

Sundelin

Bayard

Schwarz

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…This would further contribute to non-optimal reward-dependent decision making and actions. Fitting this profile, sleep-deprived individuals performing the Iowa Gambling Task make more-risky decisions and assign greater weights to more-recent rewards 45,46 . This pattern indicates a failure to appropriately integrate rewards and their accumulating value over time following SD, reflecting temporally shorter -sighted updating of rewards.…”

Section: Reward and Incentive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sleep-deprived human brain

et al. 2017

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How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) do not simply reflect the absence of sleep and the benefits attributed to it; rather, they reflect the consequences of several additional factors, including extended wakefulness. With a focus on neuroimaging studies, we review the consequences of SD on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning. We explore how this evidence informs our mechanistic understanding of the known changes in cognition and emotion associated with SD, and the insights it provides regarding clinical conditions associated with sleep disruption.

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“…Recent studies have shown that persistence when waiting for an event to occur is strongly dependent upon expectations of the delay duration (McGuire and Kable, ) Decision‐makers adjust their persistence dynamically based on the experienced statistical distribution of delays (McGuire and Kable, ). Relevant to the present work, insufficient sleep can affect decision‐making negatively by impairing our ability to integrate prior outcome information accurately into later decisions (Olson et al ., ; Whitney et al ., ). However, whether or not the ability to calibrate persistence based on experienced delays is affected by sleep deprivation has not been studied previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved calibration of persistence based on delay‐timing distribution during sleep deprivation

Massar

Chee

2015

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARYWe frequently encounter decisions where we have to determine whether to wait for a certain reward delayed for an uncertain duration or to move on. The appropriate decision depends upon the underlying temporal distribution of the delay. With some distributions it is best to be completely persistent, whereas in others it is more appropriate to abandon waiting after a certain period of time. The current study examined whether the ability to form temporal expectations and adjust persistence accordingly is compromised by sleep deprivation. Participants performed a willingness-to-wait task either in a well-rested state or after a night of total sleep deprivation. Participants had to decide either to wait for a larger reward or to abandon waiting in favour of a smaller immediate reward. Delays were drawn from either a uniform distribution, where being persistent yields maximal returns, or from a heavy-tailed distribution, where occasional long delays render full persistence suboptimal. In spite of increased sleepiness and decreased vigilance, sleep-deprived participants were able to adjust waiting time appropriate to the experienced timing distribution. Additionally, sleep deprivation did not affect the foreperiod effect, indicating intact perception of conditional probability of temporal events and ability to adjust preparation accordingly.

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Daytime Sleepiness Is Associated With Reduced Integration of Temporally Distant Outcomes on the Iowa Gambling Task

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction

Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction

The sleep-deprived human brain

Preserved calibration of persistence based on delay‐timing distribution during sleep deprivation

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