DC fault current limiting effect of MMC submodule capacitors

Li, Xiaoqian; Zhao, Biao; Wei, Yingdong; Xie, Xiaorong; Yao, Hang; Shu, Dewu

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105444

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…When DC faults happen, HB MMCs temporarily bypass all SMs to reduce the DC voltage of the converters during DCCB tripping. In [24], the DC voltage reference in the vector control is decreased to reduce the inserted number of SMs and the DC output voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Fault Current Limiting Control for MMC and Its Application in DC Grid

Xiang

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper proposes an adaptive fault current limiting control (AFCLC) for modular multilevel converters (MMC). Without introducing extra current limiting devices, this control scheme enables fast fault current suppression during DC faults. The AFCLC will be triggered automatically once DC faults occur. By adaptively reducing the output DC voltages of MMCs, the fault current can be suppressed. Compared with the existing current limiting methods, the proposed AFCLC has a better performance on fault current limiting, since it only depends on the real-time operating condition and no fault detection delay is imposed. Firstly, the principle of the proposed AFCLC together with the mathematical analysis is disclosed. Then, the sensitivity analysis of the impact of key control parameters on the current limiting effect is investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of AFCLC is demonstrated in a four-terminal HVDC grid test model. The simulation results show that the proposed AFCLC can reduce the interrupted current and energy absorption of a DCCB from 10.39 kA and 38.24 MJ to 4.62 kA and 8.32 MJ, respectively. The simulation results also prove that the AFCLC will not affect the accuracy of the DC fault detection algorithms under DC faults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Fault Current Limiting Control for MMC and Its Application in DC Grid

Xiang

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…In Shao, Wheeler, Clare, and Watson (2013), a sliding mode observer-based method has been proposed for the opencircuit fault detection of MMC sub-module, where the disturbances from sampling error and parameter variation can be successfully avoided. Nevertheless, the methods in current literature are subjected to some intractable issues, such as heavy computational load and redundant measurement of capacitor voltage (Gao, Gu, Ma, & Zhang, 2020;Jiang & Bakran, 2019;Kiranyaz, Gastli, Ben-Brahim, Al-Emadi, & Gabbouj, 2019;Li et al, 2020). In summary, up to now, there is still much room to further improve the performance of the open-circuit fault diagnosis of MMC sub-module.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to open-circuit fault diagnosis of MMC sub-module

Song

2020

Systems Science & Control Engineering

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This paper is concerned with the open-circuit fault diagnosis of MMC sub-module. To estimate the arm current accurately in normal and fault cases, a sliding mode observer is designed based on Lyapunov theory. The residual between the estimation and measurement of the arm current will increase rapidly in fault cases, which can facilitate not only the open-circuit fault detection of the arm but also the identification of the fault type. Based on the open-circuit fault analysis of MMC sub-module, the fault feature is defined and calculated for the fault location of sub-module, which can remarkably promote the efficiency of fault diagnosis. To test the performance of the proposed approach, some simulation experiments are carried out and can confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the open-circuit fault diagnosis of MMC sub-module.

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“…Whereas these technologies work by inserting impedances into the system, the proposed method re-duces the fault current solely by control action. The method exploits the modular feature of MMCs and the influence of the modulation reference signal on the DC voltage [23,24]. Thus, this pure control solution does not incur in costs and does not lead to reduced stability, increased energy storage, conduction losses or the need for maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other FCL techniques based on control have been proposed. An approach using PID controllers to reduce the fault current is presented in [25] and an approach using a duty cycle index is presented in [24]. Although the technique in [25] successfully reduced the fault current, it relies on using dead-band and closed-loop control, which can introduce additional delays in the operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the technique proposed in this paper reduces the fault current by directly changing the insertion index of the submodules, thus not requiring closed loops. Additionally, both [25] and [24] lack of a design procedure and the impacts of the proposed technique in the AC grid. In this work, on the other hand, a complete design procedure following analytical derivations is presented, as well as the impacts of the proposed technique on the connected AC grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Control-based fault current limiter for modular multilevel voltage-source converters

Lacerda

Monaro

Peña-Alzola

et al. 2020

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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The sharp rise in short-circuit currents of voltage-source converters is still a challenge for DC grid reliability, which imposes stringent requirements on DC breakers. Therefore, fault current limiters are used for slowing down the rise in short-circuit currents. This paper proposes a control-based fault current limiter (CbFCL) for modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The proposed method reduces the fault current purely by control action, thus not incurring costs and not leading to reduced stability, energy storage, conduction losses or the need for maintenance as impedancebased fault current limiters do. The CbFCL does not affect the system in normal operation, acting only in the presence of a fault. The CbFCL performance was evaluated performing simulations of a four terminal DC grid. The results confirmed that the CbFCL was able to limit the fault current of the MMC while keeping the AC currents within their nominal limits, and thus producing a minor impact on the grid operation.

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DC fault current limiting effect of MMC submodule capacitors

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

An Adaptive Fault Current Limiting Control for MMC and Its Application in DC Grid

An Adaptive Fault Current Limiting Control for MMC and Its Application in DC Grid

A new approach to open-circuit fault diagnosis of MMC sub-module

Control-based fault current limiter for modular multilevel voltage-source converters

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