DC-side fault current management in extended multiterminal-HVDC-grids

Schmitt, D. R.; Wang, Y.; Weyh, Thomas; Marquardt, Rainer

doi:10.1109/ssd.2012.6198125

Cited by 94 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There are three types of DC circuit breakers: resonant-based circuit breakers, solid-state-based circuit breakers, and the recently introduced hybrid DC breaker. [28][29][30][31][32]. Of the three, the hybrid breaker shows the most promising performance.…”

Section: Protection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Sea offshore network and energy storage for large scale integration of renewables

Spro

Torres-Olguin

Korpås

2015

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

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This review investigates different aspects of the realization of a North Sea offshore grid. The North Sea region has several characteristics that make large-scale integration of renewable energy sources attractive, such as large wind resources and huge hydro reservoirs in the North. A meshed offshore grid with underwater storage can contribute to facilitate sufficient flexibility in the system. The technical review reveals some aspects that need more research, particularly regarding the protection schemes. Furthermore, offshore storage solutions are under development. However, most other aspects are covered by readily available solutions. The greatest challenges seem to lie within standardization, cost-benefit sharing and harmonization of regulatory regimes of the surrounding countries. Nevertheless, several studies have shown highly promising economic benefits of establishing an offshore grid in the North Sea compared to traditional planning of point-to-point connections only.Keywords: offshore grid, HVDC, grid integration, renewable, energy storage, North Sea IntroductionThe integration of renewable power generation implies new challenging issues for the grid such as variability of energy input, frequency response, system power balancing and power market design. Moreover, renewable resources are often located far from the load centers. For future scenarios new transmission infrastructure and energy storage is needed. Consequently, the grid will be more flexible and the security of supply will be ensured. Depending on the grid layout, distance from load centers and geography, few power grids today will support renewable integration above 10%-30% without an elevated risk of outages [1][2][3][4]. To increase the renewable penetration either grid extensions or storage should be added to the system. Optimally, a combination of the two are implemented [4]. The North Sea region could very well be a first mover towards integrated grid and storage planning for high renewable penetration levels. The grid will connect the Northern European mainland, the UK and Scandinavia, with the goals of:• Harvesting offshore wind • Interconnect Europe's energy markets to enhance security, stabilize prices and increase cost efficiency • Provide large scale hydro balancing power to markets with high penetration of variable renewable production • Implement deep-water energy storage to balance fluctuations In addition, the offshore grid can connect to energy consuming facilities in the North Sea, such as oil and gas platform at the Norwegian sector, and thus reduce regional CO 2 emissions further. For reference, the total emission for the power generation of the Norwegian oil and gas sector equaled more than 9 million tons CO2-eqvuivalents for 2010. The power comes mainly from open cycle gas turbines with an average efficiency of approximately 33%, about half of what a modern onshore gas plant can achieve today [5].

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Section: Protection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Sea offshore network and energy storage for large scale integration of renewables

Spro

Torres-Olguin

Korpås

2015

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

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“…In order to solve this problem, researchers have conducted studies in the following aspects. Based on the FBSM circuit, through using additional full controllable conduction switch, some other improved SM topologies with dc current blocking capability are designed [12]- [16], the typical representative of this SM topologies are clamp double sub module (CDSM), five level and three level sub module (FLSM,TLSM). These topologies represent an exact equivalent of two HBSM in normal operation and can reduce the required number of power devices compared with the FBSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12. Waveforms under pole to ground nonpermanent fault: (a) dc bus voltage, (b) three phase ac voltage at valve side, (c) three phase ac grid currents, (d) active and reactive power.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Research of SM Topology With DC Fault Tolerance in MMC-HVDC

Zhang

Zhao

2015

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

141

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The high voltage direct current transmission system based on modular multilevel converter (MMC-HVDC) technology is now studied and used widely. But traditional half bridge topology of sub module (HBSM) of MMC can't block dc link fault current because of the freewheeling effect of diodes. In order to solve this problem, firstly, this paper improves HBSM topology, a series connected double sub module (SDSM) is designed and dc link fault current blocking capability is realized without tripping ac circuit breaker, so MMC-HVDC with this improved topology can immediately rebuild dc link voltage and resume power transmission. Secondly, the self starting and fault disposing procedure are also designed. At last, simulations in the software PSCAD/EMTDC are carried out to verify its effectiveness and feasibility.

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“…Then, according to the arm current direction and desired arm voltage, a certain number of capacitors with the highest/lowest voltages will be included in the arm current path [1]. Various types of SMs have been proposed by different researchers such as the half-bridge [5], full-bridge [6], modified full-bridge [7], cross-connected SM [7], clamp double SM [6], asymmetrical SM [8], mixed cells [9,10], modified mixed cells [11], combined full-bridges SM [12], and fault ride-through switched capacitor submodule (SCSM) [13]. Some of these cells are two-level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new three-level switched-capacitor submodule for modular multilevel converters

Elserougi

Ahmed

Massoud

2016

2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

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Conventionally, only one out of the two capacitors in a three-level submodule is involved in the arm current path to generate the first non-zero voltage level (E) in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). While two capacitors are connected in series to obtain the second non-zero voltage level (2E). In this paper and in order to generate the first non-zero voltage level (E); parallelconnection of the two capacitors is proposed which in turn forces the capacitors voltages to be equal, as a result the parallelconnection supports employing a single voltage sensor per the proposed module instead of using two voltage sensors which reduces the hardware and software complexity of the control system. A new switched capacitor submodule (SCSM) is proposed to enable this feature. A detailed illustration of the operational concept of the proposed architecture is presented in this work. The simulation results for an MMC with the proposed SCSM is presented to validate the proposed concept.

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DC-side fault current management in extended multiterminal-HVDC-grids

Cited by 94 publications

References 3 publications

North Sea offshore network and energy storage for large scale integration of renewables

North Sea offshore network and energy storage for large scale integration of renewables

The Research of SM Topology With DC Fault Tolerance in MMC-HVDC

A new three-level switched-capacitor submodule for modular multilevel converters

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