DD reaction enhancement and X-ray generation in a high-current pulsed glow discharge in deuterium with titanium cathode at 0.8–2.45 kV

Investigation of light ion fusion reactions with plasma discharges

“…These uncertainties in target loading conditions make determination of absolute nuclear reaction yields and extraction of absolute reaction cross sections very challenging. By comparing neutron detection rates for a series of discharge biases, we measure how the reaction yields scale, and then compare this to the scaling of reaction rates from experimental data in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10]18] and to predictions from theory [4]. Changes in the deuterium ion distribution with changing plasma discharge conditions also have to be considered.…”

“…A series of experimental studies have been designed to quantify electron screening effects in gases and solid targets. Reported values of screening potentials in the D-D reaction for a series of target materials range from under 30 eV to over 800 eV [6][7][8][9], the latter being much larger than the value for gas targets of 27 eV [10]. Experiments with hot, dense plasmas that reproduce stellar conditions in the laboratory have come within reach in recent years [2,3].…”

“…Facilities with higher beam intensities have been proposed or are under development [14]. As an alternative to well defined ion beams, energetic ions from Z-pinches, plasma Hall accelerators [15] and plasma discharges [8] have also been used to study light ion fusion. Lipson et al [8] reported on D-D fusion studies with currents and current densities of ~0.5 A and 0.5 A/cm 2 , respectively, in a parallel plate geometry with a glow discharge plasma established between the plates.…”

“…As an alternative to well defined ion beams, energetic ions from Z-pinches, plasma Hall accelerators [15] and plasma discharges [8] have also been used to study light ion fusion. Lipson et al [8] reported on D-D fusion studies with currents and current densities of ~0.5 A and 0.5 A/cm 2 , respectively, in a parallel plate geometry with a glow discharge plasma established between the plates. The energy range was extended to as low as Ecm=0.4 keV, and an electron screening potential of Ue=610±150 eV was reported from measurements of D-D fusion rates with detection of protons.…”

Research into Excited Long Lived 0.6-6.0 keV Energy Levels in the Cathode Solid Medium of Glow Discharge by X-Ray Spectra Emission

“…The generation of penetration radiation was registered by the researches of high energy process in solid cathodes of electric discharge [1]. The experiments were carried out on the high-current Glow Discharge device in D 2 , H 2 , He, Kr and Xe at pressure up to 10 Torr, current up to 300 mA and the Glow Discharge voltage ranging 1,500-4,300 V. The cathode samples being made of Al, Sc, Ti, Ni, Nb, Zr, Mo, Pd and Ta, W. The registration of X-ray emission was performed using Al 2 O 3 -based TLD (Thermo-Luminescent Detectors), the pine hole and PM scintillating detectors for the recording of temporal characteristics [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The following modes were brought during the experiments: (1) diffusion 10 4 X-ray photons in a flash), (2) X-ray beams emission by small angular divergence occurs during the discharge burning and up to 100 ms and more after the current turning out.…”