DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

Byard, James L.; Paulsen, Susan C.; Tjeerdema, Ronald S.; Chiavelli, Deborah A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10861-2_3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Anthropogenic compounds represented the largest proportion of HOCs detected in D. delphis within the study area (nearly 50%), suggesting that human activities have significantly influenced HOC accumulation in marine mammal populations off of the California coast. Consistent with other studies in the region, we found DDT-related compounds to be the most abundant and prevalent, closely followed by several other legacy contaminant classes that are no longer in use or production in the U.S., including TCPM (a component of DDT’s technical mixture), TCPMOH, PBDEs, and chlordane-related compounds. ,,, The predominance of these legacy contaminants in marine mammal blubber confirms the long-term persistence of these compounds in the region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Consistent with other studies in the region, we found DDT-related compounds to be the most abundant and prevalent, closely followed by several other legacy contaminant classes that are no longer in use or production in the U.S., including TCPM (a component of DDT’s technical mixture), TCPMOH, PBDEs, and chlordane-related compounds. 12,28,40,41 The predominance of these legacy contaminants in marine mammal blubber confirms the long-term persistence of these compounds in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight

Trego

Hoh

Kellar

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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While environmental pollutants have been associated with changes in endocrine health in cetaceans, efforts to link contaminant exposure with hormones have largely been limited to a list of known, targeted contaminants, overlooking minimally characterized or unknown compounds of emerging concern. To address this gap, we analyzed a suite of potential endocrine disrupting halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in blubber from 16 male short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis) with known maturity status collected from fishery bycatch in the Southern California Bight. We employed a suspect screening mass spectrometry-based method to investigate a wide range of HOCs that were previously observed in cetaceans from the same region. Potential endocrine effects were assessed through the measurement of blubber testosterone. We detected 167 HOCs, including 81 with known anthropogenic sources, 49 of unknown origin, and 37 with known natural sources. The sum of 11 anthropogenic and 4 unknown HOC classes were negatively correlated with blubber testosterone. Evidence suggests that elevated anthropogenic HOC load contributes to impaired testosterone production in mature male D. delphis. The application of this integrative analytical approach to cetacean contaminant analysis allows for inference of the biological consequences of accumulation of HOCs and prioritization of compounds for future environmental toxicology research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight

Trego

Hoh

Kellar

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…High dose of endosulfan lead to decreased sperm count upto 39% and damaging effect on spermatogonial cells as well as sperm morphology [66]. Health effects of PCB have also been described by a number of authors [67][68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Toxicity Among Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different authors have proved DDT to be hazardous to humans by using different tests [50][51][52][53][54][55]. Shaw et al [56] presented data on pesticide residues in milk from Indonesian women which demonstrated general exposure to p,p'-DDT and hexachlorobenzene (HCB).…”

Section: Toxicity Among Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Singh¹

2016

AJBIO

100

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This study is aimed at compiling the toxicological aspects of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) including pesticides among different animal models. Tests on animal species like Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) test, DNA repair assays and histopathological examinations have shown positive results for the toxicity of organochlorine pesticides. The results were observed on different animals including fishes, furseals, frogs, rats, bats and humans. In fishes, endosulfan is found to have acute toxicities. Similarly, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids and microbial insecticides were also found to show their toxic effects. Some compounds such as lambda-cyhalothrin showed a very high toxicity on fish followed by fenvalerate, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Exposure to OCCs can impart foe cell death by inducing Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (MAPK) which is associated with cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. On studying the genotoxic effects of OCCs on germ cells of mouse, it was observed that a lethal mutation can occur just after one mating interval. Increase in the number of micronucleated cells has also been seen after OCC exposure. Neuro-behavioural studies on rats showed the presence of tremors caused by chlordecone and p,p'DDT. Tumorigenicity by organochlorine pesticides is seen to be an epigenetic mechanism in a DNA repair assay. Acute poisoning was seen in liver, kidney and testis of albino rat due to the toxic effect of dursban and DDT. Great declines in populations have been seen due to OCC toxicity in different animal species. Direct and indirect exposure to these compounds should be reduced so as to minimize the possible health hazards.

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“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were formerly used in industrial and consumer products before their production was banned in the United States in 1979 followed by a world-wide ban years later (EPA press release April 19, 1979). However, due to their lipophilic and bio-accumulative nature, these persistent organic pollutants are still a major health concern and negatively impact the health of humans and wildlife (Byard et al, 2015;Quinete et al, 2014). PCBs are frequently detected in serum samples of the general U.S. population (Patterson et al, 2009), suggesting ongoing exposures to PCBs via inhalation (Grimm et al, 2015;Jamshidi et al, 2007) and diet (Schecter et al, 2010;Shin et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Modulates Interactions Between Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Bile Acid Homeostasis

Cheng

Lehmler

et al. 2018

Toxicological Sciences

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The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a second genome that contributes to the health and diseases of the host. A major function of the gut microbiota is to convert primary bile acids (BAs) produced from cholesterol in the liver into secondary BAs that activate distinct host receptors to modulate xenobiotic metabolism and energy homeostasis. The goal of this study was to investigate to what extent oral exposure to an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs mixture), namely the Fox River mixture, impacts gut microbiome and BA homeostasis. Ninety-day-old adult female conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to corn oil (vehicle), or the Fox River mixture at 6 or 30 mg/kg once daily for 3 consecutive days. The PCB low dose profoundly increased BA metabolism related bacteria Akkermansia (A.) muciniphila, Clostridium (C.) scindens, and Enterococcus in the large intestinal pellet (LIP) of CV mice (16S rRNA sequencing/qPCR). This correlated with a PCB low dose-mediated increase in multiple BAs in serum and small intestinal content (SIP) in a gut microbiota-dependent manner (UPLC-MS/MS). Conversely, at PCB high dose, BA levels remained stable in CV mice correlated with an increase in hepatic efflux transporters and ileal Fgf15. Interestingly, lack of gut microbiota potentiated the PCB-mediated increase in taurine conjugated a and b muricholic acids in liver, SIP, and LIP. Pearson's correlation identified positive correlations between 5 taxa and most secondary BAs. In conclusion, PCBs dose-dependently altered BA homeostasis through a joint effort between host gut-liver axis and intestinal bacteria.

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DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

Cited by 7 publications

References 158 publications

Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight

Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Gut Microbiota Modulates Interactions Between Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Bile Acid Homeostasis

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