Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Singh, Zorawar

doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.13

Cited by 100 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Many agrochemicals were related to prostate cancer and other types of cancer and are increasingly regulated (Singh et al. ; ECA ).…”

Section: Human Exposures To Residues and Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrethroids have also impact on insects and vertebrates. Many other compounds used, as herbicides have shown effects also on central nervous system and excretory system of mammals (Casida 2009;Singh et al 2016).…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO and IARC, among other organizations, keep under close scrutiny and revision the advisories on toxicity of new and old chemicals. Many agrochemicals were related to prostate cancer and other types of cancer and are increasingly regulated (Singh et al 2016;ECA 2017).…”

Section: Human Exposures To Residues and Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,317

562

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Agrochemicals have enabled to more than duplicate food production during the last century, and the current need to increase food production to feed a rapid growing human population maintains pressure on the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. However, worldwide surveys have documented the contamination and impact of agrochemical residues in soils, and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems including coastal marine systems, and their toxic effects on humans and nonhuman biota. Although persistent organic chemicals have been phased out and replaced by more biodegradable chemicals, contamination by legacy residues and recent residues still impacts on the quality of human food, water, and environment. Current and future increase in food production must go along with production of food with better quality and with less toxic contaminants. Alternative paths to the intensive use of crop protection chemicals are open, such as genetically engineered organisms, organic farming, change of dietary habits, and development of food technologies. Agro industries need to further develop advanced practices to protect public health, which requires more cautious use of agrochemicals through prior testing, careful risk assessment, and licensing, but also through education of farmers and users in general, measures for better protection of ecosystems, and good practices for sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries, and aquaculture. Enhanced scientific research for new developments in food production and food safety, as well as for environmental protection, is a necessary part of this endeavor. Furthermore, worldwide agreement on good agriculture practices, including development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their release for international agriculture, may be urgent to ensure the success of safe food production. 49

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“…Many agrochemicals were related to prostate cancer and other types of cancer and are increasingly regulated (Singh et al. ; ECA ).…”

Section: Human Exposures To Residues and Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,317

562

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“…Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) show multiple effects on the major physiological systems of the body including nervous, circulatory, and reproductive system and, also at some critical growth periods, may generate severe health disturbances [72].…”

Section: Organochlorine Pesticides (Ocps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides, Anthropogenic Activities, and the Health of Our Environment Safety

AL-Ahmadi¹

2019

Pesticides - Use and Misuse and Their Impact in the Environment

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Mankind depends on agricultural products for food consumption. Increasing population (more than 7 billion) requires significant growth in crop yield to meet essential demand. This aim was achieved through the use of pesticides to protect crops from diseases. Pesticides are toxic by design for organisms that can threaten food products. Their mode of action is by targeting systems or enzymes in the pests that may be similar to human system and therefore pose risks to human health and the environment as well. The WHO recommended classifying pesticides according to their toxicity and chemicals according to their chronic health and environmental hazards.

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“…Exposure to OCPs has been reported to be associated with the disruption of antioxidant enzymes and neurotransmitters (Mrema et al 2013) and to induce behavioral changes in aquatic organisms (Daley et al 2014). Accordingly, the acute or chronic toxicity of different OCPs has been tested in some staple aquatic organisms (Singh 2016); however, little is known about the safe exposure concentration of OCPs with respect to loaches. Additionally, in the rice−loach co-culture system, loaches feed on natural sources which are exposed to OCPs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on survival and edibility of loaches in the World Heritage Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, China

Song¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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A new rice−loach co-culture system was introduced into the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (HHRT), China, to promote sustainable development of this World Heritage region. However, little is known about the survival of loaches in this area and whether they are safe to eat after having been exposed to residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Although some OCPs such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), aldrin, and dieldrin have been banned in China, they can still be detected in the agricultural environment. In this study, water, sediment, and loaches (water and sediment collected 3 times; loaches only at harvest) in the HHRT were simultaneously sampled throughout the culture season and analyzed for 22 selected OCPs. Results showed that the concentration of total OCPs in the water and sediment uniformly decreased in the following order May > August > October and that samples collected during August and October clustered together in nMDS analysis, differing from those collected in May. Some OCPs, such as heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, DDTs and HCHs were present in abundance. DDTs and HCHs were persistently present in low sediment concentrations at 0.21−1.27 and 0.01−0.95 µg kg −1 , respectively, suggesting that a new origin of these pesticides may exist. Hepta chlor accounted for the majority of OCPs at the beginning of the co-culture season and was calculated to influence the survival of loaches. Residual OCPs were generally not detected in the muscle of loaches (i.e. the edible part of loaches) being sent to market and therefore pose a low risk to humans who eat them. Overall, the results of this study will be useful in the production and consumption of loaches in rice−loach coculture systems, as well as for the promotion of sustainable development of the HHRT.

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Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Cited by 100 publications

References 61 publications

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Pesticides, Anthropogenic Activities, and the Health of Our Environment Safety

Effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on survival and edibility of loaches in the World Heritage Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, China

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