DDT in California sea-lions: A follow-up study after twenty years

Lieberg-Clark, Patricia; Bacon, Corinne E.; Burns, Stephanie A.; Jarman, Walter M.; Bœuf, Burney J. Le

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(95)00156-h

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, they determined that p , p ′-DDE residues in the blubber of female premature parturient sea lions from San Miguel Island declined from a mean of 944 ppm in 1970 to 40 in 1991, while those from full-term parturient females also declined during the same time period (from 109 to 10 ppm). Both declines, approximately a full order of magnitude, were similar to that reported by Lieberg-Clark et al ( 1995 ) and mirror the declines observed in sediments and mussels. In addition, Connolly and Glaser ( 2002 ) noted that reduced concentrations in full-term parturient females were most likely infl uenced by lactation.…”

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Their results contrasted with those of Lieberg- Clark et al ( 1995 ) for animals collected during an overlapping time period; however, the Lieberg- Clark et al ( 1995 ) data were reported on a wet sample weight basis. Connolly and Glaser ( 2002 ) reported the accumulation of p , p ′-DDE in female California sea lions resident to the California Channel Islands.…”

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalscontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…They again concluded that animals with higher residue levels may have migrated from California. In addition, and most importantly, their p,p′-DDE value was in the same range as that of the Lieberg- Clark et al ( 1995 ) study, providing further confi rmation of the dramatic decline in residues reported by them.…”

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In addition, O 'Shea and Brownell ( 1996 ) noted that California sea lion populations have historically fl uctuated, declining in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and increasing in the 1960s. Therefore, while they do not necessarily discount the observations of Lieberg- Clark et al ( 1995 ), their overall contention was that to-date there was insuffi cient evidence to draw such conclusions.…”

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

Byard¹,

Paulsen

Tjeerdema

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 235

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Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Ddt In Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

Byard¹,

Paulsen

Tjeerdema

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 235

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“…That pups also had greater levels than subadult and adult males indicates that metabolism and excretion of OCs by male harbor seals over time may exceed accumulation via current food web exposure. This pattern is consistent with a hypothesis of mother's milk as the major source of lipophilic contaminants (reflecting previously high environmental contamination) coupled with a current plateau or decline in environmental PCB and DDT levels in north-central coastal California (Lieberg-Clark et al, 1995;Jarman et al, 1997;SFEI, 2000;Neale et al, 2005a).…”

Section: California Harbor Sealssupporting

confidence: 87%

PCB and DDE Contamination in Harbor Seals (<I>Phoca vitulina</I>) from North-Central California and Bristol Bay, Alaska

Neale¹,

Schmelzer²,

Berg³

et al. 2009

aquatic mammals

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In recent years, concerns have increased regarding accumulation of persistent, lipophilic contaminants by marine mammals. We quantified blood levels of the two most prevalent organochlorine (OC) contaminants of the marine ecosystem in a model species, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) from three north-central California populations and a population in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Intensive sampling (n = 190) produced robust quantification of blood concentrations of selected PCBs and DDE, and allowed us to investigate factors affecting levels of these contaminants in seal populations with distinct environments and exposure histories. In the Alaskan samples, PCB and DDE levels were most strongly related to sex and age; OCs increased with age in males and decreased with age in females, likely due to cumulative exposure in males and load-dumping during lactation in females. Among females, an inverse relationship was observed between condition and PCB blood levels. In contrast, in the California seals, in which loads were generally much greater, pups had greater levels of PCBs and DDE than subadults and adults, suggesting stable to decreasing environmental contaminant levels. Spatial heterogeneity and seasonal differences also contributed substantially to variation among harbor seals in contaminant loads. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for demographic, geographic, seasonal, and physiological effects in toxicological studies of marine mammals.

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Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in California and Alaska

Bacon

Jarman

Estes

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including non-ortho PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in sea otter liver tissue from California, southeast Alaska, and the western Aleutian archipelago collected between 1988 and 1992. Average total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane concentrations for California otters (850 g/kg wet weight) were over 20 times higher than in Aleutian otters (40 g/kg) and over 800 times higher than otters from southeast Alaska (1 g/kg). Levels for total PCBs in Aleutian otters (310 g/kg) were 1.7 times higher than levels in California otters (190 g/kg) and 38 times higher than otters from southeast Alaska (8 g/kg). Levels for PCDD and PCDF were extremely low in all otter populations. Levels of PCBs in Aleutian and Californian otters are abnormally high when compared with southeast Alaskan otters. The source of PCBs to the Aleutian Islands remains unclear and vital to understanding the potential impacts to sea otters.

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DDT in California sea-lions: A follow-up study after twenty years

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

DDT, Chlordane, Toxaphene and PCB Residues in Newport Bay and Watershed: Assessment of Hazard to Wildlife and Human Health

PCB and DDE Contamination in Harbor Seals (<I>Phoca vitulina</I>) from North-Central California and Bristol Bay, Alaska

Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in California and Alaska

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