¿De la disrupción a la institucionalización? El caso del movimiento indígena de Bolivia

Špringerová, Pavlína; Vališková, Barbora

doi:10.25222/larr.837

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although the composition of their members has always been a mix of various subaltern groups, especially rural ones (Zuazo Oblitas, 2009), including coca leave growers and colonizadores, 3 indigenous and peasant organizations and urban intellectuals, the coca farmers have always been the most influential stakeholders. Being the organizational level of indigenous peoples in Bolivia relatively high, the government's relationship with the different indigenous organizations has been multifaceted and complex with a marked tendency to co-opt and subordinate them (Springerová & Vališková, 2021;Zegada et al, 2011). Reflecting its ideological diversity, MAS discourses revolve around the defence of sovereignty and natural resources, such as the coca leaf and hydrocarbons, in the face of external intervention.…”

Section: Mother Earth As Part Of a New State Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

Plurinational state and ecological conscience in Bolivia: The case of the 2019 forest fires

Barié

Zuazo

2022

ERLACS

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In 2019, Bolivia suffered one of the worst forest fires in its history. The rapid advance of the flames provoked reactions in defence of the environment hitherto unknown in Bolivian society. Encouraged by a peaceful march of lowland indigenous communities, a broad spectrum of social actors expressed their indignation at the destruction of the forests and demanded more governmental action. The spontaneous emergence of ecological awareness during the fire crisis allows reflection on the progress in constructing the symbolic state, a state in the "heads" and imaginaries of citizens (Bourdieu, 2014). Social demands during the crisis reflect new expectations placed on a plurinational state respectful of the rights of nature. By ignoring the ongoing ecological catastrophe, the government placed itself at the margin of an emerging symbolic order to which it had previously contributed and of which it is a product.

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Section: Mother Earth As Part Of a New State Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

Plurinational state and ecological conscience in Bolivia: The case of the 2019 forest fires

Barié

Zuazo

2022

ERLACS

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“…By the third term, the organisations were fragmented. There were even whispers of the disappearance of the Indigenous movement (Springerová & Vališková, 2021).…”

Section: A Transformation In the Protestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, after 2006-2009, social movements were co-opted" (Interviewee 1.11). The phenomenon of co-opting refers to the penetration of a movement by the State (Springerová & Vališková, 2021).…”

Section: A Transformation In the Protestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A plurinational transformation: an entanglement between change and continuity

Alvarez

2022

AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples

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The persistence of a broad coalition of social movements, including Indigenous-led protests in the 1990s, the War on Gas, War on Water and the election of Evo Morales, contributed to a Plurinational Constitution in 2009. The result was a profound reframing of the social contract, enshrining legal, political and social pluralism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these measures have led to an improvement is still debated. For this reason, based on 22 interviews in La Paz and Sucre with former Constituent Assembly members from 2017 to 2019, this article examines the role of social movements in contesting the status quo. Second, it explores whether the pluralistic measures have changed the situation of Indigenous peoples and decolonised the governance model.

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“…Although the composition of their members has always been a mix of various subaltern groups, especially rural ones (Zuazo Oblitas 2009), including coca leave growers and colonizadores, 32 indigenous and peasant organizations and urban intellectuals, the coca farmers have always been the most influential stakeholders. Being the organizational level of indigenous peoples in Bolivia relatively high, the government's relationship with the different indigenous organizations has been multifaceted and complex with a marked tendency to co-opt and subordinate them (Springerová and Vališková 2021;Zegada et al 2011). Reflecting its ideological diversity, MAS discourses revolve around the defence of sovereignty and natural resources, such as the coca leaf and hydrocarbons, in the face of external intervention.…”

Section: Mother Earth As Part Of a New State Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

The Plurinational Challenge

Barié

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This dissertation examines the achievements and limitations of indigenous-inspired state transformation towards a more participatory democracy. It takes as its case study the "process of change" (proceso de cambio) in Bolivia, which has been driven by a broad popular mobilisation since the beginning of the century and later led to a government programme of the Movement for Socialism (MAS, Movimiento al Socialismo) party, which won the 2005 elections. One of the most novel aspects of these transformations has undoubtedly been the inclusion of indigenous thought under the banner of the plurinational state. Plurinationality, understood as a "meta-concept" resulting from a cultural appropriation (Bonfil 1991), brings together a number of other demands, including the decolonisation of society, the establishment of territorial autonomy, the management of natural resources that respects the rights of Mother Earth (Pachamama), and a development model based on coexistence rather than profit maximisation. The plurinational state is understood as an ambitious political project that adapts and integrates a historical claim to territorial defence into a comprehensive model of state reform (Altmann 2016). Four key moments of this transformation are examined: the constitutionalisation of some indigenous proposals in Bolivia (2009) and Ecuador (2008), the struggle for direct representation (2011), the codification and application of the rights of Mother Earth (2010; 2012) and, finally, the awakening of an ecological conscience during the forest fire crisis in the Chiquitanía region of eastern Bolivia (2019). Each of these analyses was originally published separately in different peer-reviewed journals. Taken together, these cases capture the different perspectives and expectations of the relevant actors in this conflictive transformation of the state, and examine their participation in the process of implementation and transformation into public policy. In this context, the implementation of these new principles is understood as an ongoing process without a concrete end point, which involves overcoming numerous obstacles and considering different dimensions of change. This dissertation is guided by three theoretical perspectives (Chapter 1): From the perspective of legal anthropology, it is interested in how indigenous peoples transform the legal foundations of their countries through hybrid legal innovations (Bonilla Maldonado 2018). It also asks about the margins and limits of indigenous social agency, understood as "the capacity of ethnic actors to act on themselves and their environment" (Martínez Neira et al. 2019:3). Finally, it considers the symbolic effects of these changes and the ability of the state to create new narratives and promote certain ideas about indigenous peoples and delegitimise others (Hale 2007; Postero 2017). The study fills a gap in the literature with its aim to capture different dimensions of the practical implementation of new indigenous-inspired legal concepts and its emphasis on the symbolic dimensions.

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¿De la disrupción a la institucionalización? El caso del movimiento indígena de Bolivia

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Plurinational state and ecological conscience in Bolivia: The case of the 2019 forest fires

Plurinational state and ecological conscience in Bolivia: The case of the 2019 forest fires

A plurinational transformation: an entanglement between change and continuity

The Plurinational Challenge

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