Dealloyed PtCu catalyst as an efficient electrocatalyst in oxygen reduction reaction

Sohn, Yeonsun; Park, Jin Hoo; Kim, Pil; Joo, Ji Bong

doi:10.1016/j.cap.2015.05.013

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The catalytic samples were synthesized with NH4Cl (Amm/C), NaCl (Sod/C), or neither (None/C). The crystal structure and composition of bimetallic electrocatalysts significantly affect the ORR catalytic activity (6,7,21,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). The synthetic samples in this study should contain Pt1Cu1 alloy crystals since they were obtained via a chemical reduction of Pt and Cu ions at a 1:1 ratio.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, great efforts have been undertaken to reduce the Pt loading by enhancing the ORR catalytic performance. The most widely accepted and successful strategy is to combine Pt with inexpensive transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu to form Ptbased alloys (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The formation of Pt-based alloys modifies the electronic structure on the surface of catalytic particles and improves the ORR catalytic performance (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in the atomic radius induces surface strain, which can also contribute to the electrochemical properties (11,15). Among the various transition metals, Cu is regarded as one of the best candidates due to its abundance, low cost, and good catalytic properties (5,7,8,10). Another promising strategy is to control the shape of the catalytic particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological control of carbon-supported Pt-based nanoparticles via one-step synthesis

Nakamoto

Seki

Motomiya

et al. 2020

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

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The morphology of Pt-based nanoparticles supported on carbon is controlled to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. Herein a simple one-step method without a polymer surfactant is demonstrated to synthesize Pt-Cu nanoclusters, Pt-Cu nanospheres, and Cu-doped Pt nanoplates. Metal precursors are reduced in a NaCl or NH4Cl aqueous solution containing carbon supports, and nanoparticles are directly deposited on carbon. Cl − ions generated from NaCl or NH4Cl behave as oxidative etchants when O2 is dissolved in the synthesis solution, delaying the reduction of metal ions and leading to larger particles. Nanoclusters are obtained in the absence of Cl − ions. In addition, NH4 + guides the growth direction of Pt in the presence of oxidative etchants, forming a plate-like morphology that exposes the {111} facets. Half-cell measurements are performed in acidic media to evaluate the electrochemical properties. Cu-doped Pt nanoplates exhibit a 3.67-times higher ORR catalytic activity than the commercial Pt catalysts thanks to the synergistic effect with a small amount of Cu and selective exposure of the {111} facets. The result suggests that transition metals in Pt-based electrocatalysts may be unnecessary to form intermetallic alloyed crystals for the enhanced ORR performance.

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Section: Synthesis and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological control of carbon-supported Pt-based nanoparticles via one-step synthesis

Nakamoto

Seki

Motomiya

et al. 2020

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

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“…Here, the researchers found that a composition of Pt 62 Cu 38 comprised of fused ~ 3-nm-diameter nanoparticles produced optimal activities, in which the resulting catalyst exhibited optimal catalytic activities that were sevenfold more active in terms of mass activity, 14 times more active in terms of specific activity, and significantly more durable for ORRs than commercial Pt/C catalysts. In another study, Sohn et al [198] reported that based on their obtained experimental data, PtCu 3 @Pt/C catalysts were more active than PtCu 1 @Pt/C and PtCu 5 @Pt/C catalysts, and exhibited great improvements in ORRs with a mass activity of 0.501 A mg Pt −1 , which is 2.24 times greater than that of commercial Pt catalysts. Similar results were also reported by Wang et al [216] and Liu et al [354].…”

Section: Ptcu Alloy As Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional core-shell-structured electrocatalysts synthesized by using electrochemical dealloying, including PtFe@Pt, PtNi@Pt, and PtCo@Pt are listed in Table 5. To further improve the electrochemical performance of chemically and electrochemically dealloyed nanoparticles, alloy precursors can be pre-treated by using thermal annealing, which can provide high degrees of ordered metal alloys, allowing for the improvement of dealloyed nanoparticle stability and the simplification of the dealloying process [23,196,198,[247][248][249][250].…”

Section: Principles and Development Of Dealloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core–Shell-Structured Low-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

Wang

Luo

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Pt-based catalysts are the most efficient catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells. However, commercialization is impeded by prohibitively high costs and scarcity. One of the most effective strategies to reduce Pt loading is to deposit a monolayer or a few layers of Pt over other metal cores to form core-shell-structured electrocatalysts. In core-shell-structured electrocatalysts, the compositions of the core can be divided into five classes: single-precious metallic cores represented by Pd, Ru, and Au; singlenon-precious metallic cores represented by Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe; alloy cores containing 3d, 4d or 5d metals; and carbide and nitride cores. Of these, researchers have found that carbide and nitride cores can yield tremendous advantages over alloy cores in terms of cost and promotional activities of Pt shells. In addition, desirable shells with reasonable thicknesses and compositions have been recognized to play a dominant role in electrocatalytic performances. And recently, researchers have also found that the catalytic activity of core-shell-structured catalysts is dependent on the binding energy of the adsorbents, which is determined by the d-band center of Pt. The shifting of this d-band center in turn is mainly affected by strain and electronic effects, which can be adjusted by adjusting core compositions and shell thicknesses of catalysts. In the development of these core-shell structures, optimal synthesis methods are of primary concern because they directly determine the practical application potential of the resulting electrocatalysts. And in this article, the principles behind core-shell-structured low-Pt electrocatalysts and the developmental progresses of various synthesis methods along with the traits of each type of core and its effects on Pt shell catalytic activities are discussed. In addition, perspectives on this type of catalyst are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

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