Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

Chauvin, Adrien; Delacôte, Cyril; Boujtita, Mohammed; Angleraud, B.; Ding, Junjun; Choi, Changhwan; Mel, Abdel‐Aziz El

doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nanowires, nanobelts, nanowhiskers, and hierarchical structures have been produced by using different physical and chemical routes in many experiments. Several of these materials are synthesized from metals (Au,Cu,Ag), , semiconductors (Si, Ge, GaAs, PbS), − and transition metal oxides (ZnO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 ), − each one having very interesting physical and chemical properties that can be used in the construction of miniaturized devices. In order to control the length, morphology, and doping in these one-dimensional materials, simple and elaborated experimental arrangements have been developed, such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), , physical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) flux methods, , pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and thermal oxidation method. − Essentially, some of the striking effects observed on these low-dimensional structures are attributed to the increase in the atomic density on the surface of the nanostructure arrangements, which is not observed in macroscopic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Long ZnO Nanowires with High Density on the ZnO Surface for Gas Sensors

Campos

Paes

Correa

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Among the various approaches to grow semiconducting oxide nanowires, the thermal oxidation procedure is considered a simple, efficient, and fast method that allows the synthesis of micro and nanostructured arrangements with controlled size and morphology. In the work reported in this paper, long ZnO nanowires were synthesized on the surface of oxidized high-purity Zn foils by heating in air at different rates and temperatures. The size and morphology investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for a sample heated at 620 °C with heating rate of 20 °C/min reveal the growth of long ZnO nanowires with length of ∼50 μm and average diameter of 74 nm grown along the ⟨112̅ 0⟩ direction with high population density. Results with different heating rates indicates that this parameter is determinant in tuning the size, morphology, and population density of nanowires. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows patterns for both ZnO and metallic Zn with preferential orientation, whereas perturbed angular correlation (PAC) measurements using 111 In( 111 Cd) probe nuclei indicate that probe nuclei occupy only Zn sites in the preferential oriented metallic zinc. However, for samples submitted to high-temperature heating (820 and 1000 °C), XRD yields only the ZnO pattern and, amazingly, PAC continues showing probe nuclei only at metallic Zn sites indicating the presence of thin regions of highly oriented Zn trapped between grains of ZnO. Moreover, this strong preference of indium atoms (of parent radioactive 111 In) here revealed helps to understand the oxidation mechanism and the growth of the nanowires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Long ZnO Nanowires with High Density on the ZnO Surface for Gas Sensors

Campos

Paes

Correa

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The electrochemical process overcomes the delamination observed during the free corrosion process [40]. Thus, the creation of centimetres long, highly ordered AuNWPs over the substrate, with a controlled porosity, is achieved by this two-step process [27,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-dependent ultrafast plasmon relaxation dynamics in nanoporous gold thin films and nanowires

Peckus¹,

Chauvin²,

Tamulevičius³

et al. 2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Metal materials structured at nanoscale are extensively used in a variety of applications, including molecular sensing, nanoscale heaters for photothermal therapy, etc. These applications depend on the strong absorption and electric field enhancements associated with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Despite multiple investigations of LSPR relaxation dynamics in plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (i.e. nanospheres, nanocubes, etc), no detailed studies of porous thin films or nanowires have been reported so far. In this paper, LSPR relaxation dynamics of nanoporous gold thin film, gold nanowires, and nanoporous gold nanowires (structures with the potential for a vast range of sensing and optical applications) were studied by means of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). Au and Au/Cu thin films produced by magnetron sputtering deposition over a nanograted silicon substrate enabled the creation of highly organized nanowire arrays of centimetres length. Nanoporous structures were created by the dealloying of Au/Cu alloy. We found that formation of such a subwavelength period grating structure in gold increases the efficiency of hot electron relaxation compared to continuous film, while the porosity of gold nanostructures has the opposite effect. The results also expressed a clear dependence of the TAS signal on the polarization (i.e. orientation of the electric field with respect to the nanoporous gold nanowires) of the pump and probe pulses, compared to non-porous gold nanowires.

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“…When creating nanoporous nanowires, the main drawbacks are the short length and the poor organization of the structures after dealloying [ 27 , 28 ]. Recently, we have reported on a new approach to creating highly ordered and ultra-long planar arrays of nanoporous gold nanowires, combining wafer-scale laser interference lithography and a dealloying of gold–copper (Au–Cu) nano-alloys [ 29 , 30 ]. In brief, the process consists of depositing Au–Cu alloys by magnetron co-sputtering on a nanopatterned substrate by laser interference lithography, in order to form the Au–Cu alloy nanowires by the shadowing effect [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Fabrication of Porous Gold Nanowires via Laser Interference Lithography and Dealloying of Gold–Silver Nano-Alloys

Chauvin

Stéphant

et al. 2017

Micromachines

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In this work, we report on an efficient approach to fabricating large-area and uniform planar arrays of highly ordered nanoporous gold nanowires. The approach consists in dealloying Au–Ag alloy nanowires in concentrated nitric acid. The Au–Ag alloy nanowires were obtained by thermal annealing at 800 °C for 2 h of Au/Ag stacked nanoribbons prepared by subsequent evaporation of silver and gold through a nanograted photoresist layer serving as a mask for a lift-off process. Laser interference lithography was employed for the nanopatterning of the photoresist layer to create the large-area nanostructured mask. The result shows that for a low Au-to-Ag ratio of 1, the nanowires tend to cracks during the dealloying due to the internal residual stress generated during the dealloying process, whereas the increase of the Au-to-Ag ratio to 3 can overcome the drawback and successfully leads to the obtainment of an array of highly ordered nanoporous gold nanowires. Nanoporous gold nanowires with such well-regulated organization on a wafer-scale planar substrate are of great significance in many applications including sensors and actuators.

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Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Growth of Long ZnO Nanowires with High Density on the ZnO Surface for Gas Sensors

Growth of Long ZnO Nanowires with High Density on the ZnO Surface for Gas Sensors

Polarization-dependent ultrafast plasmon relaxation dynamics in nanoporous gold thin films and nanowires

Large-Scale Fabrication of Porous Gold Nanowires via Laser Interference Lithography and Dealloying of Gold–Silver Nano-Alloys

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