Debate on the Physics of Galactic Rotation and the Existence of Dark Matter

Hofmeister, Anne M.; Criss, Robert E.

doi:10.3390/galaxies8030054

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A notable explanation to that observation is that galaxy mass is dominated by dark matter [16] that does not interact with light or other radiation [17,18]. While dark matter is a theory that is currently widely accepted by the scientific community, there is still no full proof of the existence of dark matter [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The presence of the dark matter halo in galaxies was also challenged by the profiles of their rotation curves [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetry between Galaxy Apparent Magnitudes Shows a Possible Tension between Physical Properties of Galaxies and Their Rotational Velocity

McAdam

Shamir

2023

Symmetry

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Despite over a century of research, the physics of galaxy rotation is not yet fully understood, and there is a clear discrepancy between the observed mass of galaxies and their rotational velocity. Here, we report on another observation of tension between the physical properties of galaxies and their rotational velocity. We compare the apparent magnitude of galaxies and find a statistically significant asymmetry between galaxies that rotate in the same direction relative to the Milky Way and galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction relative to the Milky Way. While asymmetry in the brightness is expected due to the Doppler shift effect, such asymmetry is expected to be subtle. The observations shown here suggest that the magnitude difference is sufficiently large to be detected by Earth-based telescopes. The asymmetry is consistent in both the northern and southern galactic poles. The difference is also consistent across several different instruments such as DECam, SDSS, Pan-STARRS, and HST as well as different annotation methods, which include automatic, manual, or crowdsourcing annotations through “Galaxy Zoo”. The observation can also explain other anomalies such as the Ho tension. Analysis of Ia supernovae where the host galaxies rotate in the same direction relative to the Milky Way shows a much smaller tension with the Ho value as estimated by the CMB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetry between Galaxy Apparent Magnitudes Shows a Possible Tension between Physical Properties of Galaxies and Their Rotational Velocity

McAdam

Shamir

2023

Symmetry

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“…Such consistent bias in the redshift can be linked to other unexplained anomalies that challenge cosmology and are related to distances at the cosmological scale. The physics of galaxy rotation is one of the most puzzling and provocative phenomena in nature, and despite over a century of research, it is still not fully understood [23,36,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]59,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131]. Due to the unexplained tensions in cosmology, the unknown physics of galaxy rotation should be considered as a factor that can be associated with these tensions and explain them.…”

Section: Possible Explanations and Future Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should also be mentioned that the physics of galaxy rotation is one of the most mysterious observations, and its nature cannot be explained unless making assumptions such as dark matter [22][23][24][25], modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], or other theories [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. But despite over a century of research, there is still no single clear proven explanation for the physics of galaxy rotation [36,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], and that phenomenon is still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

Shamir

2024

Universe

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Recent puzzling observations, such as the H0 tension, large-scale anisotropies, and massive disk galaxies at high redshifts, have been challenging the standard cosmological model. While one possible explanation is that the standard model is incomplete, other theories are based on the contention that the redshift model as a distance indicator might be biased. These theories can explain the recent observations, but they are challenged by the absence of a direct empirical reproducible observation that the redshift model can indeed be inconsistent. Here, I describe a simple experiment that shows that the spectra of galaxies depend on their rotational velocity relative to the rotational velocity of the Milky Way. Moreover, it shows that the redshift of galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction relative to the Milky Way is significantly smaller compared with the redshift of galaxies that rotate in the same direction relative to the Milky Way (p < 0.006). Three different datasets were used independently, each one was prepared in a different manner, and all of them showed similar redshift bias. A fourth dataset of galaxies from the Southern Galactic pole was also analyzed and shows similar results. All four datasets are publicly available. While a maximum average z difference of ∼0.012 observed with galaxies of relatively low redshift (z < 0.25) is not extreme, the bias is consistent and canpotentially lead to explanations to puzzling observations such as the H0 tension.

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An Empirical Consistent Redshift Bias: A Possible Direct Observation of Zwicky’s TL Theory

Shamir

2024

Particles

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Recent advancements have shown tensions between observations and our current understanding of the Universe. Such observations may include the H0 tension and massive galaxies at high redshift that are older than traditional galaxy formation models have predict. Since these observations are based on redshift as the primary distance indicator, a bias in the redshift may explain these tensions. While redshift follows an established model, when applied to astronomy it is based on the assumption that the rotational velocity of the Milky Way galaxy relative to the observed galaxies has a negligible effect on redshift. But given the mysterious nature of the physics of galaxy rotation, that assumption needed to be tested. The test was done by comparing the redshift of galaxies rotating in the same direction relative to the Milky Way to the redshift of galaxies rotating in the opposite direction relative to the Milky Way. The results show that the mean redshift of galaxies that rotate in the same direction relative to the Milky Way is higher than the mean redshift of galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction. Additionally, the redshift difference becomes larger as the redshift gets higher. The consistency of the analysis was verified by comparing data collected by three different telescopes, annotated using four different methods, released by three different research teams, and covering both the northern and southern ends of the galactic pole. All the datasets are in excellent agreement with each other, showing consistency in the observed redshift bias. Given the “reproducibility crisis” in science, all the datasets used in this study are publicly available, and the results can be easily reproduced. This observation could be the first direct empirical reproducible observation for the Zwicky’s “tired-light” model.

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Debate on the Physics of Galactic Rotation and the Existence of Dark Matter

Abstract: This Special Issue was motivated by the disparate explanations of galactic dynamics promulgated by different philosophical camps [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Asymmetry between Galaxy Apparent Magnitudes Shows a Possible Tension between Physical Properties of Galaxies and Their Rotational Velocity

Asymmetry between Galaxy Apparent Magnitudes Shows a Possible Tension between Physical Properties of Galaxies and Their Rotational Velocity

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

An Empirical Consistent Redshift Bias: A Possible Direct Observation of Zwicky’s TL Theory

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