DEC-205–Mediated Internalization of HIV-1 Results in the Establishment of Silent Infection in Renal Tubular Cells

HIV-1 Entry into Renal Epithelia

“…4 -6 DEC-205, an endocytic receptor abundantly present on dendritic cell surfaces, is present in renal tubular epithelial cells and may facilitate HIV-1 entry. 4 Upon co-culture with T cells, a small fraction of internalized virus is also rescued by T cells, raising a possibility of productive infection within tubular epithelia. 4 Another cell surface molecule, globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3), which acts as a receptor for Shiga or Vero toxins, is also present on glomerular and tubular epithelial cells.…”

“…4 Upon co-culture with T cells, a small fraction of internalized virus is also rescued by T cells, raising a possibility of productive infection within tubular epithelia. 4 Another cell surface molecule, globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3), which acts as a receptor for Shiga or Vero toxins, is also present on glomerular and tubular epithelial cells. 6 The Gb3 interaction with gp120 promotes a CD4-, CXCR4-, and/or CCR5-dependent fusion process; however, the exact role played by Gb3 in HIV-1 entry into tubular cells is not clear.…”

“…4,12,13 Renal epithelial cell expression of conventional receptors such as CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5, which are commonly used by HIV-1 for entry into T cells, remained controversial. 4,12,13 Interestingly, tubular cell expression of other transmembrane family receptors such as STL33, GPR1, and APJ along with low levels of viral expression has been reported in isolated cases [13][14][15] ; however, confirmation of their presence and studies pertaining to their functional role are still awaited.…”

“…These endocytic pathways also operate for HIV-1 entry into kidney cells. 4,22 Better and more effective therapies may be formulated if Increased urinary protein excretion in patients with diabetes has long been known to predict increased mortality, and its absence is associated with near-normal life expectancy. 1,2 Recent studies confirmed and extended these findings by illustrating the progressive increase in mortality by degree of albuminuria.…”

“…1,2 Recent studies confirmed and extended these findings by illustrating the progressive increase in mortality by degree of albuminuria. 3,4 The excess mortality is due primarily to ESRD 5 and to cardiovascular disease, 6 which share many risk factors. Differential expression of these risk factors within an individual may play an important role in determining which disease ultimately prevails.…”