Decabromobiphenyl oxide-aluminum hydroxide system as a flame retardant for styrene-butadiene rubber

Abstract

Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was treated with decabromobiphenyl oxide (DBBO) and/or aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] as a flame retardant. The flammability of the resulting system was determined by the limiting oxygen index method. The effect of the added flame retardants on the maximum torque (MH), curing rate, and tensile properties was also evaluated. The results showed, particularly, that DBBO was a more effective flame retardant than was Al(OH)3. On the other hand, this brominated compound reduced the modulus of elasticity while its effect on the maximum torque was insignificant. Moreover, the addition of DBBO was found to decrease the curing rate of SBR. In contrast, Al(OH)3 significantly increased the maximum torque and also markedly reduced the modulus of elasticity. Moreover, the effect of the treatment with Al(OH)3 on the curing rate was found to be insignificant. The flammability measurement of the SBR treated with different mixtures of the two flame retardants indicated that the two compounds reacted slightly antagonistically. The addition of Al(OH)3 to DBBO in a mixture that was applied to SBR remedied some negative impacts on the mechanical properties when DBBO was added separately to the rubber. The value of the maximum torque of SBR increased and the curing rate slightly increased as well. Meanwhile, the values of the modulus of elasticity were not affected. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2134–2139, 2000

Preparation and flame retardancy of 2‐EHA/n‐BA acrylic PSA containing single and combined flame retardants

“…M. A. Khattab suggested that the use of combined flame retardant consist of PBPE and Al(OH) 3 lead to the decrease of flame retardancy of rubber materials 18. He also reported that this combined system appears as a high performance for cellulose and other thermoplastic polymer 18. In our study, the synergic effect of combined flame retardant is observed in formulation up to 10 wt % of each flame retardant.…”

“…UL‐94 test results of acrylic PSA with combined flame retardant are collected from Table VI to VIII. M. A. Khattab suggested that the use of combined flame retardant consist of PBPE and Al(OH) 3 lead to the decrease of flame retardancy of rubber materials 18. He also reported that this combined system appears as a high performance for cellulose and other thermoplastic polymer 18.…”

Influence of fumed silica on the flame‐retardant properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/aluminum hydroxide composites

“…However, ATH has an essential disadvantage, that a greater than 60% ATH loading is required to meet flame‐retardant properties; this could be detrimental to the mechanical properties of flame‐retardant materials. Many investigations have been done on ATH incorporated with other halogen‐free flame‐retardant synergistic agents2–10 to enhance flame resistance and decrease the high loading level of ATH. Ramazani et al3 reported the synergistic effect of zinc borate with ATH in the flame retardance and physicomechanical properties of propylene composites.…”

Synergistic effects between red phosphorus and alumina trihydrate in flame retardant silicone rubber composites

“…Many investigations have been carried out on ATH incorporated with other halogen free flame retardant synergistic agents to enhance the flame resistance and decrease the high loading level of ATH. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Red phosphorus (RP) is one of the ecologically and physically most harmless alternative fire retardants, 12 since encapsulation and use of master batches have been established successfully to eliminate problems of handling safety and stability. In addition, it has been reported that RP can be used as a synergistic agent with hydrated fillers, such as AI(OH) 3 and Mg(OH) 2 in plastics.…”