Decarbonizing Russia: Leapfrogging from Fossil Fuel to Hydrogen

Potashnikоv, Vladimir; Golub, Alexander; Brody,; Lugovoy, Olеg

doi:10.3390/en15030683

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, the photocatalytic electrode has the ability for sewage water splitting and H 2 generation with 14.6% efficiency. This high value was produced without using any additional electrolyte and infers that the electrode converts the sewage water into H 2 and O 2 with high efficiency in comparison with other previous literature [29,[49][50][51][52][53]. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) represents the electrons collected on the surface of the photocatalytic materials under the photon flux (Figure 5b).…”

Section: N = λP/hcsupporting

confidence: 60%

Converting Sewage Water into H2 Fuel Gas Using Cu/CuO Nanoporous Photocatalytic Electrodes

et al. 2022

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This work reports on H2 fuel generation from sewage water using Cu/CuO nanoporous (NP) electrodes. This is a novel concept for converting contaminated water into H2 fuel. The preparation of Cu/CuO NP was achieved using a simple thermal combustion process of Cu metallic foil at 550 °C for 1 h. The Cu/CuO surface consists of island-like structures, with an inter-distance of 100 nm. Each island has a highly porous surface with a pore diameter of about 250 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of monoclinic Cu/CuO NP material with a crystallite size of 89 nm. The prepared Cu/CuO photoelectrode was applied for H2 generation from sewage water achieving an incident to photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 14.6%. Further, the effects of light intensity and wavelength on the photoelectrode performance were assessed. The current density (Jph) value increased from 2.17 to 4.7 mA·cm−2 upon raising the light power density from 50 to 100 mW·cm−2. Moreover, the enthalpy (ΔH*) and entropy (ΔS*) values of Cu/CuO electrode were determined as 9.519 KJ mol−1 and 180.4 JK−1·mol−1, respectively. The results obtained in the present study are very promising for solving the problem of energy in far regions by converting sewage water to H2 fuel.

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Section: N = λP/hcsupporting

confidence: 60%

Converting Sewage Water into H2 Fuel Gas Using Cu/CuO Nanoporous Photocatalytic Electrodes

et al. 2022

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“…Their volumes reach hundreds of thousands cubic meters, often located near cities, and they are large sources of coal dust (see the example of the Russian city of Murmansk and the positive experience of Scandinavian countries) [48]. A number of authors consider the transition from coal and gas to nuclear and hydrogen as the most promising step for Russia towards renewable energy [49], which generally corresponds to the understanding of their role in the transitional stage in the EU [50]. One of the first steps in such a transition may be a long-term trend of reducing oil and gas production in response to the decline in world prices as part of a downward wave of the commodity supercycle (up to 12-15 years [51]) [52].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Renewable Energy in Mineral Resource Clusters—The Case of the Siberian Federal District

2023

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This article presents a study of the specific features and development factors of renewable energy in macro-regions that combine extractive and industrial clusters with rural, sparsely populated areas. While in some countries—leaders in energy transition (the EU, China)—the growth of investments in solar, wind, and hydropower production is taking place systematically within the framework of an increasing number of national and international strategies and programs, in the Russian Federation there is a lack of renewable generation capacity. Particular difficulties are experienced in regions that, on the one hand, have a developed fuel and raw material complex and, therefore, fuel generation (which makes a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions), and, on the other hand, many rural, sparsely populated areas that are in need of new distributed generation. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors of transition to renewable energy in mineral-resource regions, such as the Siberian Federal District (Siberia), as well as to identify measures to enhance their effectivity. The article shows the place of Siberia in the national energy system and considers the factors related to its energy transition in detail, e.g., the saturation with main powerlines, the control of air pollution caused by fuel energy facilities, its provision with fuel resources, investments in renewable energy, and ways of improving the health and well-being of the local population. Attention is drawn to the challenges and obstacles related to the development of renewable energy in the Siberian Federal District, associated, on the one hand, with Russia’s lagging behind other countries in the dynamics of energy transition, and on the other hand, with external and internal technological and investment restrictions.

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“…Many national energy system studies are being conducted in order to find the optimal generation mix under conditions of large RES penetration. Some of them can be found in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The most recent research on long-term electricity resource planning models is concerned with including operational aspects (generation constraints regarding ramping, minimum stable output levels, cycling costs, operating reserves) [14,15,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], transmission network expansion [14][15][16]26,36], environmental policy requirements [15,17,24], higher temporal resolution of chronologically ordered generation and consumption data [15,26,34,36,37], and modelling linkages between the electricity and the transportation and heating sectors [17,25,38] with different levels of detail depending on the planning goal and the computational tractability of the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy models which incorporate modelling of flexibility requirements are the models implemented in commercial software such as TIMES [49], OSeMOSYS [50] and PLEXOS [51]. National-scale energy system optimization models (ESOMs) are usually modeled as single-region systems which use aggregated representation of energy resources, as in [14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]27]. In [14], the generation and transmission expansion planning model, which includes an effective embedded linear relaxation of the unit commitment problem and representative days, is used to find the optimal RE mix which minimizes both investment and operational costs over a planning horizon divided into discrete planning periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Planning Methodology for Spatially Optimized RES Development Which Minimizes Flexibility Requirements for Their Integration into the Power System

Škrbić

Đurišić

2023

Energies

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An optimization model which determines optimal spatial allocation of wind (WPPs) and PV power plants (PVPPs) for an energy independent power system is developed in this paper. Complementarity of the natural generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs, as well as differences between generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs located in different regions, gives us opportunity to optimize the generation capacity structure and spatial allocation of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to satisfy the energy needs while alleviating the total flexibility requirements in the power system. The optimization model is based on least squared error minimization under constraints where the error represents the difference between total wind and solar generation and the referent consumption profile. This model leverages between total energy and total power requirements that flexibility resources in the considered power system need to provide in the sense that the total balancing energy minimization implicitly bounds the power imbalances over the considered time period. Bounding the power imbalances is important for minimizing investment costs for additional flexibility resources. The optimization constraints bound the installed power plant capacity in each region according to the estimated technically available area and force the total energy production to equal the targeted energy needs. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the example of long-term RES planning development for complete decarbonization of electric energy generation in Serbia. These results could be used as a foundation for the development of the national energy strategy by serving as a guidance for defining capacity targets for regional capacity auctions in order to direct the investments in wind and solar power plants and achieve transition to dominantly renewable electricity production.

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Decarbonizing Russia: Leapfrogging from Fossil Fuel to Hydrogen

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Converting Sewage Water into H2 Fuel Gas Using Cu/CuO Nanoporous Photocatalytic Electrodes

Converting Sewage Water into H2 Fuel Gas Using Cu/CuO Nanoporous Photocatalytic Electrodes

The Development of Renewable Energy in Mineral Resource Clusters—The Case of the Siberian Federal District

Novel Planning Methodology for Spatially Optimized RES Development Which Minimizes Flexibility Requirements for Their Integration into the Power System

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