Decay heat studies for nuclear energy

Algora, A.; Jordán, D.; Taı́n, J. L.; Rubio, B.; Agramunt, J.; Caballero, L.; Nácher, E.; Pérez-Cerdán, A. B.; Molina, F.; Estévez, Emma; Valencia, E.; Krasznahorkay, A.; Hunyadi, M.; Gulyás, J.; Vitéz, A.; Csatlós, M.; Csige, L.; Eronen, T.; Rissanen, J.; Saastamoinen, A.; Moore, I. D.; Penttilä, H.; Kolhinen, V. S.; Burkard, K.; Hüller, W.; Batist, L.; Gelletly, W.; Nichols, Alan L.; Yoshida, Tadashi; Sonzogni, A. A.; Perajärvi, K.

doi:10.1007/s10751-012-0623-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A way of overcoming this challenge is the total absorption technique (Janas et al, 2005;Rubio et al, 2005), where the aim is to measure the total emitted energy (apart from the emitted beta and neutrino particles) rather than the individual protons and gamma rays. This of course also holds for decays of neutron-rich nuclei where it, as demonstrated recently (Algora et al, 2010), is essential for a correct understanding of the decay heat in nuclear reactors.…”

Section: Selected Spectroscopic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability

et al. 2012

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The last decades brought an impressive progress in synthesizing and studying properties of nuclides located very far from the beta stability line. Among the most fundamental properties of such exotic nuclides, usually established first, is the half-life, possible radioactive decay modes, and their relative probabilities. When approaching limits of nuclear stability, new decay modes set in. First, beta decays become accompanied by emission of nucleons from highly excited states of daughter nuclei. Second, when the nucleon separation energy becomes negative, nucleons start to be emitted from the ground state. Here, we present a review of the decay modes occurring close to the limits of stability. The experimental methods used to produce, identify and detect new species and their radiation are discussed. The current theoretical understanding of these decay processes is overviewed. The theoretical description of the most recently discovered and most complex radioactive process - the two-proton radioactivity - is discussed in more detail.Comment: Review, 68 pages, 39 figure

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Section: Selected Spectroscopic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability

et al. 2012

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“…Previous studies have propagated uncertainties in nuclear data from single evaluated libraries through decay heat analyses. A socalled pandemonium effect was identified in key fission product (FP) decay heat contributors during pre-and post-reactor operating times [1,2]. These systematic errors cause an underestimate in total gamma-ray energies and an overestimate in total beta energies [2] when a high-resolution germanium detector is used for data measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A socalled pandemonium effect was identified in key fission product (FP) decay heat contributors during pre-and post-reactor operating times [1,2]. These systematic errors cause an underestimate in total gamma-ray energies and an overestimate in total beta energies [2] when a high-resolution germanium detector is used for data measurements. Propagation errors were also identified in FP gamma emissions for short cooling times (< 1 year) [3], fission yield data for long cooling times (< 1000 years) and cross-sectional data for longer cooling times (> 1000 years) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear data evaluation for decay heat analysis of spent nuclear fuel over 1–100 k year timescale

et al. 2022

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Accurate nuclear data are essential in the evaluation of decay heat from spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The accuracy of such data was assessed using an approach that compares values reported in different evaluated libraries and determines whether discrepancies reflect inaccuracies in primary data. A short list of 43 isotopes which are most significant to SNF decay heat calculations over 1–100 k years was produced by combining generic reactor inventory code with decay heat analysis for undifferentiated SNF. Decay properties (half-lives and decay energies) and neutron interactions (cross section and fission yields) were compared from 6 evaluated libraries. Fission product (FP) discrepancies identified are 90Sr half-life, where inclusion of a single measurement significantly reduces the evaluated value; 95mNb beta energy, where DDEP evaluation omits the decay to the 95Mo ground state; 99Tc beta energy, where evaluations differ by approximately 10% with a variety of shape factors used; 126Sb/126mSb beta (JEF2.2/3.1.1/3.3) and electron energies (JEFF3.1.1), where intensity differences are reported; and 137Cs beta energy, where ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEF3.3 evaluations use incorrect shape factors. For actinides, the major discrepancies identified were 237Np alpha energy (JEF2.2/3.1.1) and 225Ac electron energies (ENDF/B-VIII.0) but overall show less discrepancies during long-term disposal (0.1–100 ky) compared to FP’s during interim storage (1–100 years). Further assessments of the 90Sr half-life and the best shape factor for the 99Tc beta decay are needed to improve future decay heat analyses, which are important for designing future stores and evaluating schemes for possible heat recovery.

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“…Multiple TAS detectors are active in current low-energy nuclear physics research, including the Decay Total Absorption Spectrometer (DTAS) detector [13], Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer (MTAS) detector [14], and Summing NaI(Ti) (SuN) detector [15]. Total absorption spectroscopy is being used to study β-strength distributions for applications in nuclear structure [16,17,18], reactor decay heat [19,20,21], and nuclear parameters relevant to astrophysical applications via techniques like the β-Oslo method [22,23,24,25]. TAS detectors have also been used to measure capture reaction cross sections for astrophysical calculations [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional total absorption spectroscopy with conditional generative adversarial networks

Dembski¹,

Kuchera²,

Liddick³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We explore the use of machine learning techniques to remove the response of large volume γ-ray detectors from experimental spectra. Segmented γ-ray total absorption spectrometers (TAS) allow for the simultaneous measurement of individual γ-ray energy (E γ ) and total excitation energy (E x ). Analysis of TAS detector data is complicated by the fact that the E x and E γ quantities are correlated, and therefore, techniques that simply unfold using E x and E γ response functions independently are not as accurate. In this work, we investigate the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to simultaneously unfold E x and E γ data in TAS detectors. Specifically, we employ a Pix2Pix cGAN, a generative modeling technique based on recent advances in deep learning, to treat (E x , E γ ) matrix unfolding as an image-to-image translation problem. We present results for simulated and experimental matrices of single-γ and double-γ decay cascades. Our model demonstrates characterization capabilities within detector resolution limits for upwards of 90% of simulated test cases.

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Decay heat studies for nuclear energy

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability

Nuclear data evaluation for decay heat analysis of spent nuclear fuel over 1–100 k year timescale

Two-dimensional total absorption spectroscopy with conditional generative adversarial networks

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