Decay of enteric microorganisms in biosolids-amended soil under wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation

Schwarz, Karen; Sidhu, J. P. S.; Pritchard, Deborah; Li, Y.; Toze, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.037

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It was suggested that such an outcome may have been related to antagonistic interactions between the soil microbial community and E. coli O157:H7. Schwarz et al also demonstrated a greater decline in E. coli and S. enterica in anaerobically‐digested dewatered biosolids applied to soils, in comparison to un‐amended soils. They postulated that the greater decline in E. coli and S. enterica in amended soils could have been caused by enhanced antagonistic activity of the indigenous microbial populations in relation to microbially‐available substrate and improved moisture content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Proportion of Sewage Sludge to Soil Influences the Survival ofSalmonellaDublin andEscherichia coli

Ellis

Tyrrel

O'Leary

et al. 2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The survival of enteric pathogens in sewage sludge can lead to their transferral into the soil environment and subsequent contamination of crops and water courses. This, in turn, can increase the potential spread of gastrointestinal disease. This work aims to determine the persistence of several microorganisms, co‐introduced with sewage sludge, when exposed to varying proportions of sewage sludge to soil. Three microcosm‐based studies are established, inoculated with Salmonella Dublin or an environmentally persistent strain of Escherichia coli (quantified periodically over a period of 42 days), or indigenous sewage sludge E. coli (quantified over a period of 56 days). Treatments consist of a mixture containing: 0, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100% soil or sludge, depending upon the experiment. Each introduced microorganism decline significantly over time, with greater quantities of soil generally instigating greater die‐off particularly in the cases of environmentally persistent E. coli and S. Dublin. However, this relationship is not proportionally related as sludge/soil mixtures show greater declines than pure soil treatments. In contrast, indigenous sewage sludge E. coli has a more consistent decline across all treatments. This indicates that indigenous strains are more resilient and can be indicative of natural behavior. Moreover, the effects of soil‐borne factors on pathogen attenuation are context dependent and non‐linear, possibly arising from the relative spatial distribution of introduced sludge and attendant microbes in soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Proportion of Sewage Sludge to Soil Influences the Survival ofSalmonellaDublin andEscherichia coli

Ellis

Tyrrel

O'Leary

et al. 2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Studies evaluating the survival of different serotypes of viruses in the environment have shown adenoviruses to be more resistant to temperature and humidity fluctuations than some enteroviruses (Mahl and Sadler 1975;Irving and Smith 1981). Schwarz et al (2014) also showed that adenoviruses were capable of prolonged survival after land application of biosolids. Since the occurrence of adenoviruses is likely greater than that of enteroviruses in biosolids and considering that adenoviruses do not grow well on BGM cells, the use of BGM cells alone for TCVA most likely underestimates the enteric viral concentration in sludge/biosolid samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Assessment of BGM and PLC/PRF/5 Cell Lines for Enteric Virus Detection in Biosolids

et al. 2019

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The BGM cell line is required for the detection of enteric viruses in biosolids through a total culturable viral assay (TCVA) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In the present study, BGM and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines were evaluated for TCVA and for their use in determining the incidence of adenoviruses and enteroviruses in raw sludge and Class B biosolids. Six raw sludge and 17 Class B biosolid samples were collected from 13 wastewater treatment plants from seven U.S. states. Samples were processed via organic flocculation and concentrate volumes equivalent to 4 g total solids were assayed on BGM and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Cell monolayers were observed for cytopathic effect (CPE) after two 14-d passages. Cell lysates were tested for the presence of adenoviruses and enteroviruses by PCR or RT-PCR. The PLC/PRF/5 cells detected more culturable viruses than the BGM cells by CPE (73.9% versus 56.5%, respectively). Fifty-two percent of the samples were positive for CPE using both cell lines. No viruses were detected in either cell line by PCR in flasks in which CPE was not observed. No adenoviruses were detected in 13 CPE-positive samples from BGM lysates. In contrast, of the 17 samples exhibiting CPE on PLC/PRF/5 cells, 14 were positive for adenoviruses (82.4%). In conclusion, PLC/PRF/5 cells were superior for the detection of adenoviruses in both raw sludge and Class B biosolids. Thus, the use of BGM cells alone for TCVA may underestimate the viral concentration in sludge/biosolid samples.

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“…Adenoviruses were found to be stable in biosolids for at least 60 days with no degradation (Wei et al, 2010). In a study of health risks associated with land applied biosolids no notable decline in HAdV numbers detected by PCR was observed during 6 months (T90 ≥ 180 days) (Schwarz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Persistencementioning

confidence: 98%

Adenoviruses

Allard¹,

Vantarakis²

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.

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Decay of enteric microorganisms in biosolids-amended soil under wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Proportion of Sewage Sludge to Soil Influences the Survival ofSalmonellaDublin andEscherichia coli

Proportion of Sewage Sludge to Soil Influences the Survival ofSalmonellaDublin andEscherichia coli

Comparative Assessment of BGM and PLC/PRF/5 Cell Lines for Enteric Virus Detection in Biosolids

Adenoviruses

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