In this paper, a composite adaptive fuzzy output feedback control problem is investigated for a class of single-input and single-output stochastic nonlinear systems, where the input signal takes quantized values. In the control design, by using fuzzy logic systems to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, a fuzzy adaptive state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. By utilizing the designed fuzzy state observer, a serial-parallel estimation model is established. Based on adaptive backstepping dynamic surface control technique and the prediction error between the system states observer model and the serial-parallel estimation model, an adaptive output feedback controller is constructed. The designed fuzzy controller with the composite parameters adaptive laws ensures that all the variables of closed-loop system are bounded in probability, and tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero. Two examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.