Deciphering heavy metal contamination zones in soils of a granitic terrain of southern India using factor analysis and GIS

Abstract

Soil contamination by heavy metals has been a major concern for last few decades due to increase in urbanization and industrialization. The main objective of this research was to identify the heavy metal contaminated zones in the study area. Twenty five soil samples collected throughout the agriculture, residential and industrial areas were analysed by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) for trace metals and major oxides. These metals can affect the quality of soil and infiltrate through the soil, thereby causing groundwater pollution. Based on the chemical analysis of major oxides (

Impact of sandy soil physico-chemical properties towards urban lakes eutrophication and inorganic pollutant status

“…All five elements have impacted the water quality in the urban lake and the status was out of natural range for water quality. The loading of three elements which were Cr, Cu and Ni in water were in agreement in another study that discovered the deciphering heavy metal contamination in soils of a granitic of southern India that was caused by anthropogenic activities and the land use changes that influence the solubility, toxicity as well as mobility of heavy metals [16]. The worse heavy metals Table 3 Analysis of heavy metals concentration for water at a sandy soil area concentration impacted urban lake status based on WQI classification was the value of Cr which was placed under class V and exceeded the standard.…”

“…The standards were referred to the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia that was published in Malaysia Environmental Quality Report. Other than that, the main source of Cr contamination was from steel-producing industries, chrome plating and industrial waste [16]. Other sources from agricultural soil were inorganic fertilizer, atmospheric deposition, sewage sludge and also livestock manure [17].…”

“…Land use changes strongly influence soil moisture regime and soil Eh which could greatly affect solubility, toxicity, bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals and cause their redistribution in soils. Furthermore, it is possible to get associations or information about the behaviour and the source of pollution of heavy metals [16]. Different doses of heavy metals in water and soil sample that expose and increase is a basis of environmental negative impact, but some of the aquatic plants have an ability to absorb the heavy metals that associated with contaminants and reducing the content of heavy metals into the urban lake [18].…”

Impact of terrain factors on the matching performance of terrain‐aided navigation

“…This paper proposes a new method to correlate the terrain factors with the matching performance statistically by factor analysis. Factor analysis, detailed in Mvududu and Sink, is widely used for information extraction and dimension reduction . In this paper, the terrain factors are processed by factor analysis to extract the principal factors first.…”

“…Factor analysis, detailed in Mvududu and Sink, 26 is widely used for information extraction and dimension reduction. 27,28 In this paper, the terrain factors are processed by factor analysis to extract the principal factors first. Then, the extracted factors are related to the macroscopic terrain variation, the similarity of terrain, and the statistical information in a region at the conceptual level.…”