Urban green space plays an important role in enhancing the quality of environment especially for urban biodiversity. Declining biodiversity around the world has received much attention among academics, professionals and citizens. The United Nations has declared year 2010 as the 'International Year of Biodiversity'. Urban biodiversity movement is important to ensure healthy city environments. Despite this ongoing movement, urban dwellers have little knowledge about conservation of biodiversity particularly wildlife. Moreover, biodiversity has received little attention from built environment practices (Brown & Grant, 2005;Niemelä, 1999).In general, urban wildlife habitat is protected as reserved forest. Many species of wildlife are generally found in such reserved forests. In comparison, the scale of urban parks in Kuala Lumpur is massive, much larger than protected forests. This paper presents the situation of urban wildlife species and the quality of habitats in Kuala Lumpur. It is found that many factors contribute to the healthy conservation of urban wildlife such as quality and variety of habitats, ornamental versus native vegetation and ecological design. The findings highlight that common urban birds are dominant in urban green spaces regardless of the size of the green spaces. However, only larger urban green spaces help protect species. Finally, the study concludes that urban wildlife in Kuala Lumpur is rapidly declining and that there is a greater need for the community and stakeholders to promote programs and activities to preserve and enhance urban wildlife. Development of comprehensive acts, policies and guidelines are vital for urban wildlife protection.

Unbalance urban development would affect the ecosystem and environment of the people and living things. Declining and loss of flora and fauna species occurs because of landscapes and living habitat changes. Urban biodiversity is a part of ecological elements and ecosystems services of the urban environments. Thus, it is important to be maintained or preserved in urban planning and design. The lack numbers of study focusing on the field of urban wildlife such as birds and frogs around the globe. Thus, the aim of the study is to understand the scientific data on urban wildlife mainly focus on birds and amphibian. This study will provide significant information pertaining to urban biodiversity issues. Birds is chosen as the best example that will act as an indicator for the inland environment while frogs as the amphibian for the urban lake garden. Birds can be the best indicator for inland environment while frogs can be indicator for the aquatic environment of the urban lake garden.The study was conducted at Perdana Botanical Lake Garden in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The observation survey includes in details of the name of the species, number of species, habitat, data observation on time and dates, remarks and reference notes. The survey method on birds used the transect lines in order to observe the bird species within a measured line. The observation includes calculations and records of all the birds species, while walking along the transect route at average speed of 15 m/min within 30 m distance. The survey usually conducted either early in the morning and late evening. Meanwhile, the amphibian observation on frogs survey based on 'Quadrant Sampling' which is the standard quadrant being set in metre (m), in which 5 × 5 m and 10 × 10 m. The amphibian observation begin during the night time for 3 days duration started from 7.00 pm to 9.00 pm. Based on the observation at Botanical Perdana Garden, 8 species of birds has been identified. The most common is Acridotheres Tritis/Common Myna (n = 19) and the least is Geopelia Strata/Zebra Dove shows (n = 1) During the observation, a total of 6 species of frogs were found. The highest species of frogs recorded were Hylarana erythraea/Green Paddy Frog with (n = 80), while Fejervarya limnocharis/Indian Rice Frog (n = 1). The result concludes that the park need to have more species of birds that share the same eating diet such as frugivorous and nectarous. The lake garden should restructured especially the pond with ecological approach to attract more types of frogs.

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Slope failure has become a major concern in Malaysia due to the rapid development and urbanisation in the country. It poses severe threats to any highway construction industry, residential areas, natural resources and tourism activities. The extent of damages that resulted from this catastrophe can be lessened if a long-term early warning system to predict landslide prone areas is implemented. Thus, this study aims to characterise the relationship between Oxisols properties and soil colour variables to be manipulated as key indicators to forecast shallow slope failure. The concentration of each soil property in slope soil was evaluated from two different localities that consist of 120 soil samples from stable and unstable slopes located along the North-South Highway (PLUS) and East-West Highway (LPT). Analysis of variance established highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the locations, the total organic carbon (TOC), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil texture, soil chromaticity and all combinations of interactions. The overall CIELAB analysis leads to the conclusion that the CIELAB variables lightness L*, c* (Chroma) and h* (Hue) provide the most information about soil colour and other related soil properties. With regard to the relationship between colour variables and soil properties, the analysis detected that soil texture, organic carbon, iron oxide and aluminium concentration were the key factors that strongly correlate with soil colour variables at the studied area. Indicators that could be used to predict shallow slope failure were high value of L*(62), low values of c* (20) and h* (66), low concentration of iron (53 mg kg) and aluminium oxide (37 mg kg), low soil TOC (0.5%), low CEC (3.6 cmol/kg), slightly acidic soil pH (4.9), high amount of sand fraction (68%) and low amount of clay fraction (20%).

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