Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease

Carro, Amelia; Panisello, Josefa María

doi:10.15420/ecr.2019.07

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Another limitation of our study is that we did not assess the body composition of rats, and it is not possible to know which body component was altered to compensate for the decrease in adipose tissue in the HFV and still maintain the same body weight in all groups. However, considering that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death in Western countries, and its development is associated with unhealthy dietary patterns 72 , evaluation of the influence of different types of HFD on metabolic aspects related to cardiovascular health is still crucial 73 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Medeiros

Alves

Bessa

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Medeiros

Alves

Bessa

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death in Western countries, and its development is associated with unhealthy dietary patterns 34 . Therefore, evaluating the in uence of different types of HFD on metabolic aspects related to cardiovascular health is crucial because the harmful effects of the HFD could differ with the type of fat included in the diet 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition of rats fed high-fat diets based on ruminant fat compared with hydrogenated vegetable fat

Lb¹,

Spa²,

Bessa³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFA) exert distinct effects on rats’ metabolic parameters. Wistar rat groups were fed the diets: CONT - without added fat; HVF − 20% hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF); and RUM − 20% ruminant fat. Biochemical markers, cytokine levels, fatty acid (FA) composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, liver histology and the gut microbial composition were also evaluated. Rats fed RUM presented lower deposition of adipose tissue and LDL and higher HDL and anti-inflammatory IL-10 than those fed CONT and HVF. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were higher in group HVF than CONT and RUM. In all types of tissue, the highest TFA levels were observed in rats fed HVF, which contributed to the development of fatty liver. The RUM diet led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The lower incorporation of TFA and distinct FA profile in the liver of rats fed RUM compared to HVF could be associated with protection hepatic. The microbial gut communities were significantly dissimilar among the groups. It is plausible that ruminant fat might reduce risk parameters involved in the development of cardiovascular disease.

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“…Furthermore, replacing coconut oil with PUFAs and MUFAs appears to lower coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence [ 9 ]. As a result, the current evidence does not support the use of coconut oil in the treatment and prevention of CVDs, and general SFA consumption recommendations (limited to 9% of total calorie intake) should be followed [ 25 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schwingshackl et al did a systematic review and meta-analysis of several types of oils, including unsaturated fatty acids and coconut oil, which were more effective in reducing LDL than in SFA-rich foods like butter or lard. As a result, the existing limited data does not support the use of coconut oil to prevent or treat CVDs, and general recommendations on SFA intake (limited to 9% of total energy intake) should prevail [ 25 ]. There has been no documented clinical research comparing the direct effects of coconut oil and other dietary oils on CVDs, but it is advised adequately against using coconut oil as it raises LDL risk factor for CVDs and has no proven beneficial effects [ 12 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Nuts Over Coconuts? Studying the Effects of Coconut Oil on Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Sekhar¹,

Ravinarayan²,

D.Yu³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Coconut oil has been gaining popularity recently, especially with health enthusiasts claiming it to be the best fat for consumption. What is the ideal cooking fat? The answer that we are all looking for is just not solely based on one health consequence but several. Our study focuses on the cardiovascular aspects of using coconut oil by its influence on low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of death and mortality worldwide. Hence, they are the focus of this study. For centuries, coconut oil has been used by several populations worldwide who consume it as part of their staple diets. However, they have also been consuming the flesh/meat of coconuts and decreased processed foods. One such population is the pacific islanders, who had increased LDL and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) when they moved out of their natural habitat and accepted a more westernized diet. Even though coconut oil has a stronghold on the LDL aspect of the lipid parameters, which is our study's focus, it also increases HDL, whose effects on cardiovascular health are still controversial although it is called "good cholesterol." Cardiologists now utilize the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol to assess CVD risk more reliably. There have not been many human studies to support coconut oil's LDL and CVD advantages, considering all these variables. A thorough search of five databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, was done. The last search was done on October 8th, 2021. Studies were selected based on the following criteria: last five years, English language, human studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analysis, narrative reviews, and cross-sectional studies were included using medical subject headings (MeSH) search and keyword search. Eight hundred and ninety-nine articles were found, and eight papers were picked after quality appraisal. These included one narrative review, three RCTs, one cross-sectional study, and three systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results showed that coconut oil did not behave differently than other saturated fats to reduce LDL. One study showed that coconut oil did not increase LDL compared to additional saturated fat like butter or lard. Coconut oil also has antioxidant properties that may prevent oxidative stress that affects cardiovascular health. However, studies in this sector are limited.

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Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 160 publications

Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition of rats fed high-fat diets based on ruminant fat compared with hydrogenated vegetable fat

Are We Nuts Over Coconuts? Studying the Effects of Coconut Oil on Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

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