Deciphering the Role of Phytoalexins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions and Human Health

Abstract

Abstract:Phytoalexins are low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds that are produced by plants as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses. As such they take part in an intricate defense system which enables plants to control invading microorganisms. In this review we present the key features of this diverse group of molecules, namely their chemical structures, biosynthesis, regulatory mechanisms, biological activities, metabolism and molecular engineering.

Combining effects of ozone and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on antioxidants and phytoalexins in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…The results showed momilactone A and sakuranetin were detectable only in the treatment group with pathogenic inoculation and not found in the non-inoculation or the control group. According to phytoalexin role as an antimicrobial substance, plant cell could generate phytoalexin to defense any intruder pathogen (Ahuja et al, 2012;Ejike et al, 2013;Jeandet et al, 2014;Pedras and Ahiahonu, 2005). Normally, the high amount of phytoalexin was found close to damaged area from the disease attack (Großkinsky et al, 2012).…”

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Phenols on the Biosynthesis of 6-Methoxymellein, a Phytoalexin

“…이와 같이 정제된 6-MM의 mass spectrum은 문헌 으로 보고된 바와 일치하였다 (Fig. 3) (Jeandet et al, 2014). 이와 같은 경향은 본 연 구의 6-MM에서도 동일하게 관찰되어, 물질의 종류에 따라 처리 후 2-3일 경에 최대치의 6-MM이 농축되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다 (Fig.…”

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

“…Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids: isoflavonoids, isoflavones, pterocarpans, isoflavans, coumestans, arylbenzofurans, and stilbenes; terpenes: monoterpene, sesquiterpene, carboxylic sesquiterpene, and diterpene families; indole: camalexin (Jeandet et al, 2014;Kang et al, 2014;Yamamura et al, 2015). The pathogens also try to neutralize the effect of these phytoalexins by converting them to less toxic oxidized forms or conjugate with glycosides through production of enzymes (Jeandet et al, 2014). Primary cell walls produced by cellulose and pectins are constitutively enforced by the deposition of secondary metabolites (RRC) (Bashline et al, 2014;Eudes et al, 2014;Nakano et al, 2015).…”

“…These phytoalexins, in hundreds, are biosynthesized by R RRM genes in various specific metabolic pathways (Figure 2) (Ahuja et al, 2012). Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids: isoflavonoids, isoflavones, pterocarpans, isoflavans, coumestans, arylbenzofurans, and stilbenes; terpenes: monoterpene, sesquiterpene, carboxylic sesquiterpene, and diterpene families; indole: camalexin (Jeandet et al, 2014;Kang et al, 2014;Yamamura et al, 2015). The pathogens also try to neutralize the effect of these phytoalexins by converting them to less toxic oxidized forms or conjugate with glycosides through production of enzymes (Jeandet et al, 2014).…”