“…Second, for the operating mechanism, the research results are mainly reflected in the comparison and selection of operating models (Craig et al, 2007 ; Beck et al, 2010 ), and the construction of operating systems (Boschi et al, 2014 ; Halunko et al, 2018 ), which suggest that financing guarantee business is generally implemented through policy-oriented guarantee (Luo and Huang, 2017 ). Third, in order to ensure the stable operation of policy-oriented guarantee mechanism, scholars further explored the issue of guarantee risk, including risk assessment of guarantee products (Kim and Ahn, 1997 ; He and Weng, 2014 ), identification of risk factors in guarantee networks (Berkman et al, 2009 ; He et al, 2019 ), guarantee risk control mechanism (Jeon and Sohn, 2008 ; Huang et al, 2021 ).…”