Decision science: from Ramsey to dual process theories

Sahlin, Nils‐Eric; Wallin, Annika; Persson, Johannes

doi:10.1007/s11229-009-9472-5

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Traditional dual-processing models adopt two main concepts regarding the interaction between intuition and reasoning: (a) the default-interventionist and (b) the parallel-competitive approach (Elster, 2007;Evans, 2008, Sahlin, Wallin, & Persson, 2010. In a default-interventionist model, only one process is active at a time.…”

Section: The Internal Dual Process-reasoning and Intuitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactional Dual-Process Model of Moral Decision Making to Guide Military Training

Seiler

Fischer

Ooi

2010

Military Psychology

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We presented a holistic model of moral decision making known as the interactional dual-process (IDP) model of moral decision making. The IDP model provides a systematic description of the complex process of moral decision making, integrating findings from the fields of moral reasoning, moral intuition, and social interaction. Implications for military training interventions in moral decision making are presented and discussed.Military personnel are often confronted with morally challenging situations. Actions taken in such situations may have far-reaching consequences on the conscience of the decision maker, the well-being of the recipient, the credibility of the organization, and the success of the mission. Examples from incidents involving the abuse of prisoners in Abu Ghraib in Iraq and the UN sex scandal in Congo or the Haditha Incident in Iraq highlight the importance of the moral dimension in military decision making. The underlying questions after the disclosure of an incident are always the same: How could this happen? How could an individual/a group of people engage in such behaviors? And what can be done to prevent such failures in moral decision making? Similar questions have also emerged in the fields of business (e.g., managerial misconduct and power abuse), medicine (e.g., patient mistreatment), and re-

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Section: The Internal Dual Process-reasoning and Intuitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactional Dual-Process Model of Moral Decision Making to Guide Military Training

Seiler

Fischer

Ooi

2010

Military Psychology

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“…He states, the "true test of a good theory is whether it can be applied successfully to problems and generate hypotheses"(Pennycook 2017, p. 8).12 The arguments developed in this section run parallel to those presented inSahlin et al (2010) who argue that decision theorists have often treated System 2 as an "approximation" of whatEdwards (1954) referred to as "Normative Man". I am highly sympathetic to Sahlin, Wallin, and Persson's claims that DPT lacks a "firm conceptual framework" and is inadequate to the purposes of decision theory, especially in the tradition of Prospect theory.…”

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confidence: 86%

Dual Process Theories in Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics: a Critical Review

Grayot

2019

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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Despite their popularity, dual process accounts of human reasoning and decisionmaking have come under intense scrutiny in recent years. Cognitive scientists and philosophers alike have come to question the theoretical foundations of the 'standard view' of dual process theory and have challenged the validity and relevance of evidence in support of it. Moreover, attempts to modify and refine dual process theory in light of these challenges have generated additional concerns about its applicability and refutability as a scientific theory. With these concerns in mind, this paper provides a critical review of dual process theory in economics, focusing on its role as a psychological framework for decision modeling in behavioral economics and neuroeconomics. I argue that the influx of criticisms against dual process theory challenge the descriptive accuracy of dualistic decision models in economics. In fact, the case can be made that the popularity of dual process theory in economics has less to do with the empirical success of dualistic decision models, and more to do with the convenience that the dual process narrative provides economists looking to explainaway decision anomalies. This leaves behavioral economists and neuroeconomists with something of a dilemma: either they stick to their purported ambitions to give a realistic description of human decision-making and give up the narrative, or they revise and restate their scientific ambitions.

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“…However, multicomponent models of executive functions are based upon the traditional framework of “cognitive control” proposed by Posner and Snyder (2004), in which the PFC plays an “executive” role over goal-oriented behaviors (Pribram, 1973) and emotional self-regulation (for a review on this topic please see (Peterson and Welsh, 2014). Medical imaging technologies, developmental research, experimental psychology, and neurosciences have rescued dual-processes theories to describe the so-called “cold” and “hot” cognitive information processing systems (Sahlin et al, 2010; Zelazo and Carlson, 2012). …”

Section: The Hierarchical Framework Of Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing Automatic-Controlled Behaviors and Emotional-Salience States: A Dynamic Executive Functioning Hypothesis

et al. 2017

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Recently, there has been growing interest in understanding how executive functions are conceptualized in psychopathology. Since several models have been proposed, the major issue lies within the definition of executive functioning itself. Theoretical discussions have emerged, narrowing the boundaries between “hot” and “cold” executive functions or between self-regulation and cognitive control. Nevertheless, the definition of executive functions is far from a consensual proposition and it has been suggested that these models might be outdated. Current efforts indicate that human behavior and cognition are by-products of many brain systems operating and interacting at different levels, and therefore, it is very simplistic to assume a dualistic perspective of information processing. Based upon an adaptive perspective, we discuss how executive functions could emerge from the ability to solve immediate problems and to generalize successful strategies, as well as from the ability to synthesize and to classify environmental information in order to predict context and future. We present an executive functioning perspective that emerges from the dynamic balance between automatic-controlled behaviors and an emotional-salience state. According to our perspective, the adaptive role of executive functioning is to automatize efficient solutions simultaneously with cognitive demand, enabling individuals to engage such processes with increasingly complex problems. Understanding executive functioning as a mediator of stress and cognitive engagement not only fosters discussions concerning individual differences, but also offers an important paradigm to understand executive functioning as a continuum process rather than a categorical and multicomponent structure.

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Decision science: from Ramsey to dual process theories

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

An Interactional Dual-Process Model of Moral Decision Making to Guide Military Training

An Interactional Dual-Process Model of Moral Decision Making to Guide Military Training

Dual Process Theories in Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics: a Critical Review

Balancing Automatic-Controlled Behaviors and Emotional-Salience States: A Dynamic Executive Functioning Hypothesis

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