Declaration of a State of Emergency in Trinidad and Tobago: Effect on the Trauma Admissions at the National Referral Trauma Centre

Ramdass, Michael J.; Cawich, Shamir O; Pooran, Suresh; Milne, David; Ali, Earnest; Naraynsingh, Vijay

doi:10.1017/s1049023x15000242

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Notably, the only instance in which murder were markedly lower than in 2015 after their peak in 2008 was 2011 (Seepersad & Williams, 2016 ). In 2011, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago implemented a State of Emergency, which was accompanied by curfews, increased police activity (patrols, raids and roadblocks) and restrictions in movement (Ramdass et al, 2015 ). However, after this exogenous shock the system quickly tended upwards returning to previous murder rates.…”

Section: Descriptive Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study on Murders in the Chaos of COVID-19: An Analysis of Changes in Murder Rates and Patterns in Trinidad and Tobago

Smith¹,

Haines²

2022

Int Criminol

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The study assessed the changes in murder counts and patterns under COVID-19 conditions in The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Initial research indicates that crime rates and patterns have changed under the COVID-19 pandemic possibly because of government implemented restrictions. The specific impact of these responses on murder has not been examined. To fill this gap in the literature the study utilized several interrupted time-series analyses to assess the change(s) in murder trends and their possible relationship to restrictions in movement associated with COVID-19. Overall, murder decreased while under COVID-19 conditions. However, the change was not consistent across different classifications of murder, with some increasing while others continued a downward trend that started before COVID-19 restrictions. The findings suggest that the change in murder trends under COVID-19 was not based on a linear relationship with restrictions in movement. Rather the results suggest that the data contains nonlinear components, which are associated with an initial but inconsistent change in murder counts among different classifications of murder. Which was followed by a phase of diminishing return on the effect of restriction on movement on the murder count. Further, in support of the findings the forecasting of murder was found to be better achieved by an algorithm which supports continuous non-linear functions (Artificial Neural Networks) when compared to a linear approach (Bayesian Structural Time-Series). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43576-022-00075-w.

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Section: Descriptive Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study on Murders in the Chaos of COVID-19: An Analysis of Changes in Murder Rates and Patterns in Trinidad and Tobago

Smith¹,

Haines²

2022

Int Criminol

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“…With penetrating trauma reaching epidemic proportions in the Caribbean [1], emergency room (ER) thoracotomies are performed regularly [2]. It may be life-saving by achieving four goals: (i) releasing cardiac tamponade, (ii) controlling haemorrhage, (iii) allowing access for internal cardiac massage and (iv) clamping the descending aorta to isolate circulation to the upper torso in damage control surgery [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: rapid, large-volume resuscitation at resuscitative thoracotomy by intra-cardiac catheterization

Cawich

Naraynsingh

2016

J. surg. case rep.

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An emergency thoracotomy may be life-saving by achieving four goals: (i) releasing cardiac tamponade, (ii) controlling haemorrhage, (iii) allowing access for internal cardiac massage and (iv) clamping the descending aorta to isolate circulation to the upper torso in damage control surgery. We theorize that a new goal should be achieving rapid, large-volume fluid resuscitation and we describe a technique to achieve this.

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