Decline in cognitive processing speed as a mediator of verbal decline in HIV

Hardy, David; Hinkin, C; Satz, Paul; Gorp, Wilfred G. van

doi:10.1093/arclin/14.1.131a

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In the context of Salthouse’s Processing Speed Theory of Cognition (Salthouse, 1996), the age and HIV-related declines in SOP (at least partly) drive poorer performance in other neurocognitive domains. Several studies support the Processing Speed Theory in aging with HIV, suggesting that a single factor (i.e., generalized slowness of performing mental operations) mediates neurocognitive declines in other domains (e.g., memory, verbal fluency) (Becker & Salthouse, 1999; Becker et al, 1997; Hardy, Hinkin, Satz, & van Gorp, 1999; Hinkin et al, 2002; Lopez, Wess, Sanchez, Dew, & Becker, 1998). Given the 1) increased vulnerability to SOP deficits, 2) influence of SOP to other cognitive domains, and 3) resulting decrements in everyday functioning in the older HIV+ population, neurorehabilitation strategies for SOP are greatly needed, including both restorative (i.e., intervention) and prophylactic (i.e., prevention) strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training on cognitive functioning in older adults with HIV: A pilot study

Fazeli

Woods

Pope

et al. 2017

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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The objective of this study was to examine combination speed of processing (SOP) cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) and transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) as neurorehabilitation in older HIV+ adults. Thirty-three HIV+ adults aged 50+ completed neurocognitive testing and were randomized to either active (n = 17) or sham (n = 16) tDCS. Both conditions received 10 1-hour sessions of SOP CRT, with either active or sham tDCS for the first 20 minutes. Participants then completed a posttest assessment. Repeated measures analysis of variance examining Time X Condition showed small-to-medium effects in the expected direction for an executive (d = 0.36), and SOP measure (d = 0.49), while medium-to-large effects were observed for an executive/attention (d = 0.60) and oral reading measure (d = 0.75). The only statistically significant interaction was the oral reading measure. Small-to-medium and medium-to-large effects (ds = 0.32, 0.58) were found for two SOP measures in the opposite direction (sham group showing greater improvements). Further trials of CRT and tDCS in this population are needed, including larger samples and a nonactive control and tDCS only condition, as is determination of which parameters of each technique (e.g., tDCS montage, timing of tDCS, domain targeted in CRT, number of sessions) are most effective in improving cognitive outcomes, durability of training gains, and translation to everyday functioning.

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