Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe

Arnolds, E.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90052-y

Cited by 339 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A decline in species richness and abundance of macromycetous sporocarps was reported in Europe in the 1980s, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal species (Arnolds 1991). Similar trends were observed in long-term inventories of macromycetes in a Swiss forest ecosystem, in which the proportion of ectomycorrhizal species decreased compared to that of the saprotrophs from the 1980s (Egli Communicated by Bernhard Schmid.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…inputs in forest ecosystems have been shown to reduce ectomycorrhizal mycelium growth in the soil (Arnebrant 1994;Nilsson and Wallander 2003) and to decrease the species diversity and sporocarp production of ectomycorrhizal species, whereas saprobic species are much less affected (Ritter and Tölle 1978;Arnolds 1991;Wiklund et al 1995;Wallenda and Kottke 1998;Lilleskov et al 2001;Peter et al 2001a;Trudell and Edmonds 2004). The diverse ways of C acquisition of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungi might explain the different reactions of the two communities to N input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced soil N availability was hypothesized to be the main reason for such changes (Arnolds 1991;Rühling and Tyler 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term dynamics of aboveground fungal communities in a subalpine Norway spruce forest under elevated nitrogen input

et al. 2010

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As anthropogenic N deposition has been suspected to be the main reason for the decline of macromycetous sporocarp production in forest ecosystems, various N-fertilization experiments were started in the mid 1990s. The dynamics of ectomycorrhizal (root-inhabiting) and terricolous saprobic (litter-inhabiting) fungal communities were studied by exhaustive sporocarp inventories in a substitution Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest in two 256-m 2 plots sampled for periods of 1 week at 1-m 2 resolution between 1994 and 2007. N was added to the soil twice per year in one plot from the fourth year onwards. The effects of N input and time on aboveground fungal communities were assessed using redundancy analysis, principal response curves and non-parametric multivariate ANOVA. Results of this long-term experiment revealed that both ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungal communities responded to an increase in soil N input. The ectomycorrhizal community reacted by a fast decrease in sporocarp production and in species richness, whereas the saprobic community was less affected. The response was highly species specific, especially for the saprobic community. The difference in species composition between control and fertilized plots was significant after 1 year of N addition for ectomycorrhizal fungi and only after 3 years for saprobic fungi. An aging effect affected sporocarp production in the whole area. For both communities, this unidirectional drift in species composition was as important as the treatment effect. This result highlights the importance of considering the respective role of treatment and year effects in longterm field experiments on fungal communities.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term dynamics of aboveground fungal communities in a subalpine Norway spruce forest under elevated nitrogen input

et al. 2010

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“…and deplete plant reserves of photosynthate. For Anthropogenic inputs of N might be linked to the facultatively mycotrophic hosts, high levels of herbalarming disappearance of mushroom-forming ivory could deplete plant C reserves to the extent fungi, including a disproportionate number of ecto-that the cost of maintaining a mycorrhizal association mycorrhizal taxa (Arnolds, 1991 Mycoi-i'hiira" S'risr,c»fi-}js ;…”

Section: Defining Costs and Benefits In Mycorrhizal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

1997

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3 SUMMARYA great diversity of plants and fungi engage in mycorrhizal associations. In natural habitats, and in an ecologically meaningful time span, these associations have evolved to improve the fitness of both plant and fungal symbionts. In systems managed by humans, mycorrhizal associations often improve plant productivity, but this is not always the case. Mycorrhizal fungi might be considered to be parasitic on plants when net cost of the symbiosis exceeds net benefits. Parasitism can be developmentally induced, environmentally induced, or possibly genotypically induced. Morphological, phenological, and physiological characteristics of the symbionts influence the functioning of mycorrhizas at an individual scale. Biotic and abiotic factors at the rhizosphere, community, and ecosystem scales further mediate mycorrhizal functioning. Despite the complexity of mycorrhizal associations, it might be possible to construct predictive models of mycorrhizal functioning. These models will need to incorporate variables and parameters that account for differences in plant responses to, and control of, mycorrhizal fungi, and differences in fungal effects on, and responses to, the plant. Developing and testing quantitative models of mycorrhizal functioning in the real world requires creative experimental manipulations and measurements. This work will be facilitated by recent advances in molecular and biochemical techniques. A greater understanding of how mycorrhizas function in complex natural systems is a prerequisite to managing them in agriculture, forestry, and restoration.

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“…Macrofungi are an often neglected component of biodiversity; however, there is evidence that habitat degradation adversely influences the number of fruiting bodies of macrofungi and diminishes the diversity of the fungal community (Arnolds 1988(Arnolds , 1991Ohenoja 1988;Zak 1992;Miller and Lodge 1997). The main reasons that macrofungi are neglected when making decisions on nature protection activities (including selection of protected areas) are the lack of information on their abundance and distribution, and their unexplored taxonomic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between macrofungi diversity, abundance, and vascular plant diversity in semi‐natural and managed forests in north‐east Hungary

Rudolf

Morschhauser

Pál-Fám

et al. 2013

Ecological Research

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The diversity of easy-to-study organisms (e.g. vascular plants) is often used as a proxy for the diversity of other organisms whose investigation needs more effort, time and specialist knowledge. Some previous studies have found positive relationships between plant and macrofungal diversity and thus support this approach, while others question this practice. Our aim was to explore the possibility of using plant diversity as surrogate for macrofungal diversity in the forests of the Pannonian ecoregion. A total of 19 permanent plots in north-east Hungary were sampled for vascular plants and macrofungi. The effect on macrofungal abundance and diversity, of plant evenness and richness as well as degradation level was tested using generalized linear models. Species richness of macrofungi assemblages proved to be independent of the diversity and naturalness of vascular plant communities; however, there was congruence in the composition of the two communities. In contrast to diversity, macrofungi abundance was significantly negatively correlated to plant species richness. There was a hump-backed relationship between the abundance of terricolous macrofungi and the degradation level estimated on the basis of the occurrence of vascular plants, although degradation did not influence the abundance of lignicolous macrofungi. Our results question the reliability of decisions on nature conservation actions based on a few groups of easy-to-observe organisms, and underline the necessity of studying as wide a range of taxonomic groups as possible.

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Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe

Cited by 339 publications

References 23 publications

Long-term dynamics of aboveground fungal communities in a subalpine Norway spruce forest under elevated nitrogen input

Long-term dynamics of aboveground fungal communities in a subalpine Norway spruce forest under elevated nitrogen input

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

Exploring the relationship between macrofungi diversity, abundance, and vascular plant diversity in semi‐natural and managed forests in north‐east Hungary

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