Decline of governmental authority, political cynicism and political inefficacy in Hong Kong

Ideology and Political Cynicism: Effects of Authoritarianism and Social Dominance on Perceptions about the Political System in 11 Ibero-American Countries

“…In addition, SDO appears to influence the strengthening of corrupt and ineffective political systems since it mitigates the perception of need for change in such systems. In this case the manifestations of cynicism are not related to people's feelings of helplessness or hopelessness about their ability to influence politics (Miller, 1974;Siu-Kai, 1992), but in their disinterest in improving or changing it. That is, the dominant groups do not express a desire to make changes to the failed political system, as these systems have a positive impact on their individual and collective interests (Jackson & Gaertner, 2010;Janos et al, 2018;Monsegur et al, 2014).…”

“…Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 2022 Table 7. Political Cynicism as a measure of (1) widespread mistrust towards the political system, and (2) a perception of systemic political corruption (Beramendi, 2014;Capella & Jamieson, 1997;Miller, 1974;Siu-Kai, 1992). Dimensions 3 and 4 -Political Moral Laxity and Perception of the Need for Changeare potentially derived from or associated with feelings of mistrust and a perception of widespread corruption as outlined in dimensions 1 and 2.…”

“…Political cynicism is defined as widespread mistrust towards the Political System and the institutions, actors and processes of which it is formed (Capella & Jamieson, 1996;Miller, 1974;Siu-Kai, 1992). Cynicism towards the system is manifested in individuals as a feeling of helplessness or hopelessness about their ability to influence politics, along with a perception that the political system, through the actors, institutions and rules that regulate it, is weak, unfair, corrupt, illegitimate or inefficient (Miller,1974;Siu-Kai, 1992).…”

“…Political cynicism is defined as widespread mistrust towards the Political System and the institutions, actors and processes of which it is formed (Capella & Jamieson, 1996;Miller, 1974;Siu-Kai, 1992). Cynicism towards the system is manifested in individuals as a feeling of helplessness or hopelessness about their ability to influence politics, along with a perception that the political system, through the actors, institutions and rules that regulate it, is weak, unfair, corrupt, illegitimate or inefficient (Miller,1974;Siu-Kai, 1992). Moreover, cynicism will increase in contexts where there is a perceived weakness or lack of institutional legitimacy, high levels of corruption and norm transgressions, lack of representation of citizen interests by politicians and perceptions of a lack of distributive and procedural justice among others social problems, thereby creating a vicious cycle (Beramendi, 2014).…”

Populism in Peru: Populist attitudes and perception of the populist offer and its relationship with political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy

“…That populism is expressed as a response, both by some politicians and the citizenry, to problematic aspects of liberal democracy ( Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser, 2017 ); does not mean categorically that distrust in the political system and its representatives are constituted as an exclusive or sufficient feature of it, but it is a relevant element that could predispose to its emergence ( Hawkins et al, 2012 ; Levitsky and Ziblatt, 2018 ; Meléndez and Rovira Kaltwasser, 2019 ). Widespread distrust of the political system has been defined in social sciences as political cynicism ( Miller, 1974 ; Siu-kai, 1992 ). Cynicism as an expression of discredit of the system will produce feelings of indignation, impotence, or hopelessness and a generalized perception that the political system through its actors, institutions, and norms that regulate it, lacks legitimacy for being corrupt or inefficient ( Miller, 1974 ; Siu-kai, 1992 ).…”