Declining Inequality in Latin America in the 2000s: The Cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico

Lustig, Nora; López-Calva, Luis F.; Ortiz-Juárez, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.09.013

Cited by 359 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…They argue that income inequality increased in the 1990s mainly because of higher wage inequality due to the importance of labour income for total household income. Lustig et al (2013) argue that the secular deregulation of labour markets, combined with the liberalization of investment and imports and a fixed exchange rate (hard peg to the US Dollar), which undermined the competitiveness of Argentina's exports, were all factors that contributed to the higher levels of inequality observed during the period.…”

Section: Recent Research On Income Inequality In Argentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to an array of research (Cornia, 2014;Lustig et al, 2013;Maurizio, 2014), the implementation of pro-labour policies in Argentina, starting in 2002/2003, marked the turning point in the evolution of inequality. Policies included favouring union vindications, collective bargaining and an increase in the minimum wage.…”

Section: Recent Research On Income Inequality In Argentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A tale of two decades: income inequality and public policy in Argentina (1996-2014)

2017

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Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia. Usted es libre de:Compartir -copiar, distribuir, ejecutar y comunicar públicamente la obra Bajo las condiciones siguientes:• Atribución -Debe reconocer los créditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el autor o el licenciante. Si utiliza parte o la totalidad de esta investigación tiene que especificar la fuente.• No Comercial -No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales.• Sin Obras Derivadas -No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada a partir de esta obra.Los derechos derivados de usos legítimos u otras limitaciones reconocidas por la ley no se ven afectados por lo anterior.El contenido de los artículos y reseñas publicadas es responsabilidad de los autores y no refleja el punto de vista u opinión de la Escuela de Economía de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas o de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. This article analyses the evolution of income inequality in Argentina through the decomposition of the Gini coefficient by income sources. The dynamic analysis allows for simultaneous changes in participation and concentration of different income sources to be understood. The time periods that are the object of the analysis contrast diverse macroeconomic contexts, labour market institutions and social protection policies that were implemented. The results indicate that labour income is The content of all published articles and reviews does not reflect the official opinion of the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the School of Economics, or those of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the articles and reviews lies entirely with the author(s). 233 ARTÍCULO 234Cuadernos de Economía, 36(72), número especial 2017 the main driver of distributive dynamics while retirement income has also played an important role. We also find that the evolution of income distribution in Argentina is closely related to labour market institutions and macroeconomics. Este artículo examina la evolución de la desigualdad del ingreso Argentina, por medio de la descomposición del coeficiente de Gini por fuentes de ingreso. El aná-lisis dinámico permite la comprensión de los cambios simultáneos en la participación y concentración de las fuentes de ingresos. El periodo de análisis contrasta contextos macroeconómicos diferentes, las instituciones del mercado de trabajo y las políticas de protección social implementadas. Los resultados indican que los ingresos laborales son el principal conductor de la dinámica distributiva y que, a su vez, los ingresos de las jubilaciones y pensiones también han tenido un papel importante. También observamos que la evolución de la distribución del ingreso en Argentina se ve afectada por la evolución de las instituciones y la macroeconomía del mercado laboral. Dans cet article, nous examinons l'évolution de l'inégalité du revenu en Argentine au travers de la décomposition du coefficient de Gini par sources de revenu. L'analyse d...

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Section: Recent Research On Income Inequality In Argentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Research On Income Inequality In Argentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of two decades: income inequality and public policy in Argentina (1996-2014)

2017

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“…Sin embargo, las fuerzas del mercado, mediante los cambios en la composición de la oferta y demanda de trabajo por cualificación, también son factores explicativos de los cambios en los salarios agregados de los estados mexicanos en el periodo de estudio. Por un lado, existen trabajos que evidencian que los cambios en la composición de la oferta relativa de trabajadores cualificados y el bajo ritmo al que se ha incrementado su demanda parecen dominar, debidos probablemente al incremento sustancial del gasto de gobierno dirigido a expandir la educación básica (Montes, 2006;Campos et al, 2012;Esquivel et al, 2012y Lustig et al, 2013. Por otro lado, Gasparini et al (2011) y Manacorda et al (2010 encuentran que los cambios en la composición de la demanda relativa a través del incremento de trabajo cualificado son los dominantes, los cuales fueron sólo parcialmente compensados por un incremento en su oferta relativa.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Externalidades del capital humano en México

Peralta

2016

El Trimestre

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This paper estimates human capital externalities in Mexico using the traditional approaches in the literature. We control the potential endogenenity of individual and average schooling with instrumental variables techniques. We use as instruments, the educational reform of 1993 of compulsory secondary education and the proportion of graduates from upper secondary and higher education and the structure of the population of the states in a previous period. The results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between experience, individual education and average education with individual wages. Also we confirmed by the implementation of the various approaches through the coincidence of the results that there are significant human capital externalities at state level in Mexico for the period 2000-2010.

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“…During the last decade, Latin America has experienced an important decrease in household income inequality (Lustig et al 2013;Alvaredo and Gasparini 2015). Recent studies have shown that the main driver must have been the reduction in wage inequality (Abad and Lindert 2017;De la Torre et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from your neighbor: tax-benefit systems swaps in Latin America

2017

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Over the last decades, Latin American countries have experienced a noticeable decrease in income inequality. While this trend is mainly associated with a decline in wage inequality, progressive reforms of the tax-benefit systems of the region may have played a role. While redistributive systems in Latin America are still in their infancy, they are constantly expanding and do so at different pace in the region. To investigate this point in a comparative way, the present study exploits newly developed tax-benefit microsimulation models for Ecuador and Colombia. These two neighboring countries show contrasted situations in terms of income distribution and we characterize the extent to which this difference is explained by different tax-benefit systems. The comparative nature of our microsimulation models allows us to swap tax-benefit systems between countries to produce counterfactual simulations whereby the system of a country is applied to the population of the other. In this way, we can decompose the total country difference in income distribution to extract the role of different tax-benefit policies. We confirm that the Ecuadorean system is more redistributive and quantify the difference: if the Ecuadorean system was applied to the Colombian population, the Gini coefficient would be reduced by 1.7 points in Colombia. Headcount poverty would decrease by around 10% and the intensity of poverty by up to 14.7%. This analysis contributes to the recent literature on the redistributive role of taxbenefit systems in Latin America and highlights the role of microsimulation techniques to show how countries in the region can learn from each other in order to improve social protection and reduce income inequality.

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Declining Inequality in Latin America in the 2000s: The Cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico

Cited by 359 publications

References 17 publications

A tale of two decades: income inequality and public policy in Argentina (1996-2014)

A tale of two decades: income inequality and public policy in Argentina (1996-2014)

Externalidades del capital humano en México

Learning from your neighbor: tax-benefit systems swaps in Latin America

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