Decoding Complexity of Aging

Raj, Kritika; Chanu, Soram Idiyasan; Sarkar, Surajit

doi:10.4172/2168-9296.1000e117

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In summary, the lifespan of each species seems to depend on the efficacy of maintenance of several biological processes and there is much evidence that such maintenance is more effective in long-lived, such as human, than in short-lived species [22,27]. The mechanisms underlying ageing have to be definitely looked at the cellular and molecular level, using a broad biological approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinpointing beta adrenergic receptor in ageing pathophysiology: victim or executioner? Evidence from crime scenes

Santulli

Iaccarino

2013

Immun Ageing

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in cellular communication, allowing human cells to sense external cues or to talk each other through hormones or neurotransmitters. Research in this field has been recently awarded with the Nobel Prize in chemistry to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka, for their pioneering work on beta adrenergic receptors (βARs), a prototype GPCR. Such receptors, and β2AR in particular, which is extensively distributed throughout the body, are involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. Moreover, a large amount of studies has demonstrated their participation in ageing process. Reciprocally, age-related changes in regulation of receptor responses have been observed in numerous tissues and include modifications of βAR responses. Impaired sympathetic nervous system function has been indeed evoked as at least a partial explanation for several modifications that occur with ageing. This article represents an updated presentation of the current knowledge in the field, summarizing in a systematic way the major findings of research on ageing in several organs and tissues (crime scenes) expressing βARs: heart, vessels, skeletal muscle, respiratory system, brain, immune system, pancreatic islets, liver, kidney and bone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinpointing beta adrenergic receptor in ageing pathophysiology: victim or executioner? Evidence from crime scenes

Santulli

Iaccarino

2013

Immun Ageing

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“…Numerous theories of aging have been proposed hitherto and all of them somehow relate the lifespan of each single species to mechanisms essential for the maintenance of several biological activities (Raj et al, 2012). The free radical theory relates to the failure of defenses against reactive oxygen species (Davis and Williams, 2012; Joiner et al, 2012); the somatic mutation theory relates to an impaired DNA repair (Agronin, 2013); the autoimmune theory proposes that the immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self antigens (Menconi et al, 2008); others relate aging to the loss of epigenetic controls, including but not limited to DNA methylation, or to detrimental effects of toxic chemicals (Sahin et al, 2011; Akbarian et al, 2013; Santulli and Totary-Jain, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity ameliorates cardiovascular health in elderly subjects: the functional role of the β adrenergic system

Santulli¹,

Ciccarelli²,

Trimarco³

et al. 2013

Front. Physiol.

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Aging is a complex process characterized by a gradual decline in organ functional reserves, which eventually reduces the ability to maintain homeostasis. An exquisite feature of elderly subjects, which constitute a growing proportion of the world population, is the high prevalence of cardiovascular disorders, which negatively affect both the quality of life and the life expectancy. It is widely acknowledged that physical activity represents one of the foremost interventions capable in reducing the health burden of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, the benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity have been established both in young and elderly subjects. Herein we provide a systematic and updated appraisal of the literature exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms evoked by physical activity in the elderly, focusing on the functional role of the β adrenergic system.

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“…The remarkable property of insulin/IGF-1 signalling in neuroprotection has also been demonstrated in several studies of mouse HD and AD models. Reduction of IGF-1 receptor and IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrate) in mouse knockout models rescues the animal from behavioural impairments, learning and memory deficit [64]. Collectively, these mammalian studies indicate neuroprotective function of insulin/IGF-1 signalling via modulation of ageing processes and key attention for therapeutic development in future.…”

Section: Paradox Of Insulin/igf-1 Signalling In Regulation Of Ageing mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Insulin/insulin-like growth factor receptor, DAF-2/IR mediates its downstream cascade via the activation of kinases like PI3K and AKT [64], which negatively regulate transcription factors, DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1 and HSF-1 through phosphorylation [63,65]. Initiation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling cascade results in nuclear exclusion of FOXO/ DAF-16, SKN-1 and HSF-1 interacting partner DDL-1.…”

Section: Paradox Of Insulin/igf-1 Signalling In Regulation Of Ageing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration and Ageing: A Fatal Encounter

Chanu¹,

Singh²,

Yadav³

et al. 2013

Cell Dev Biol

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Human polyglutamine (poly (Q)) induced neurodegenerative disorders are fatal illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific areas of brain resulting to various neurological complications leading to death. The disease manifestation is age dependent and major symptoms include abnormal body movement, cognitive deficits, dementia, psychosis, tremors and spasticity. Ageing appears to have a direct impact on poly (Q) disease progression and severity of symptoms is greatly influenced by several intrinsic factors. This review attempts to provide an overview of human poly (Q) diseases and also discuss about the factors affecting progression of neurodegeneration. It also provides an outline of various therapeutic approaches which could be potentially useful to combat these tragic human diseases.

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Decoding Complexity of Aging

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Pinpointing beta adrenergic receptor in ageing pathophysiology: victim or executioner? Evidence from crime scenes

Pinpointing beta adrenergic receptor in ageing pathophysiology: victim or executioner? Evidence from crime scenes

Physical activity ameliorates cardiovascular health in elderly subjects: the functional role of the β adrenergic system

Neurodegeneration and Ageing: A Fatal Encounter

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