Decoding the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19

Ralli, Tanya; Saifi, Zoya; Rathee, Anjali; Aeri, Vidhu; Kohli, Kanchan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13801

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…On the other hand, ACE2 receptors in the gut appeared to be a critical factor in mediating the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the gut microbiome. SARS-CoV-2 bound to the ACE2 receptor, leading to a decrease in ACE2 receptor concentration and consequently in the diversity of the gut microbiome (3,74,81). COVID-19 has been shown to impact the gut microbiome in this study, specifically phylum Bacteroidetes, potentially through these mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Additionally, we discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection had the potential to induce modifications in the gut microbiome. These findings provided support for the bidirectional interaction between the gut and the lung known as the "gut-lung axis" (74). The gut microbiome reportedly played a crucial role in modulating immune responses in the lung (3,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Genetic support of the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Zhu

Lei

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundThe association between gut microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted much attention, but its causality remains unclear and requires more direct evidence.MethodsIn this study, we conducted the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19 based on the summary statistics data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Over 1.8 million individuals with three COVID-19 phenotypes (severity, hospitalization and infection) were included. And 196 bacterial taxa from phylum to genus were analyzed. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was chosen as the primary method. Besides, false discovery rate (FDR) correction of p-value was used. To test the robustness of the causal relationships with p-FDR < 0.05, sensitivity analyses including the secondary MR analyses, horizontal pleiotropy test, outliers test, and “leave-one-out” analysis were conducted.ResultsIn the forward MR, we found that 3, 8, and 10 bacterial taxa had suggestive effects on COVID-19 severity, hospitalization and infection, respectively. The genus Alloprevotella [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.32–2.11; p = 1.69×10−5, p-FDR = 2.01×10−3] was causally associated with a higher COVID-19 severity risk. In the reverse MR, COVID-19 severity, hospitalization and infection had suggestive effects on the abundance of 4, 8 and 10 bacterial taxa, respectively. COVID-19 hospitalization causally increased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.22; p = 3.02×10−3; p-FDR = 2.72×10−2). However, secondary MR analyses indicated that the result of COVID-19 hospitalization on the phylum Bacteroidetes required careful consideration.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19 and highlighted the role of “gut-lung axis” in the progression of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genetic support of the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Zhu

Lei

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…The microbiota in the gut is very critical in the course of the immune response and the performance of the vaccine. Animal experiments, clinical interventional studies, as well as observational studies provide scientific evidence about interrelation between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccines [11,28] . Asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers, often silent or presymptomatic, pose challenges to control.…”

Section: The Reciprocal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota and Covi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of coronaviruses on the human gut microflora

Hejran,

Sarwari,

Monib

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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The influence of coronaviruses on the human gut microflora is a topic of emerging interest within the scientific community. Coronaviruses, particularly those like SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, are primarily known for respiratory symptoms but have broader impacts on human health. Recent research suggests that coronaviruses can affect the gut microflora, the diverse community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, which plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Studies indicate that coronaviruses may disrupt the gut microflora directly or indirectly. Direct effects could occur through viral invasion of intestinal cells expressing the ACE2 receptor, which is the cellular entry point for coronaviruses. Indirect effects may arise due to systemic inflammation triggered by the viral infection, affecting gut microbial composition and function. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbial communities, has been observed in COVID-19 patients, indicating potential coronavirusmediated alterations. Understanding these interactions is vital because the gut microflora influences immune responses, nutrient metabolism, and overall well-being. Altered microbial profiles due to coronavirus infections might contribute to the prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms reported in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, changes in gut microflora composition could impact the efficacy of therapies and vaccines, given the role of the microflora in modulating immune system function. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying coronavirus-mediated alterations in gut microflora and their implications for health outcomes. This includes investigating how viral infections influence specific microbial species and their metabolic activities. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether these changes persist beyond the acute phase of infection and how they correlate with clinical outcomes. In summary, coronaviruses can exert significant influences on the human gut microflora, potentially disrupting microbial communities and functions essential for health. This understanding could inform therapeutic strategies targeting gut microflora to improve outcomes in coronavirusinfected individuals and enhance our broader understanding of host-microflora interactions in infectious diseases.

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“…As COVID-19 can cause a significant and chronic inflammatory reaction throughout the body, the infection may modify the gut environment to favour the growth of particular types of bacteria that affect the overall gut composition. These alterations may be persistent and thus have a long-term impact on intestinal health ( Ralli et al., 2023 ). Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea and nausea.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Long-term Effects On Gut Microbiota And Immunol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Raj,

Bruce,

Anbalagan

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It caused over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as acute respiratory distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. The viral invasion proceeds through the ACE2 receptor, expressed in multiple cell types, and in some patients caused serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, and the microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis of these patients has revealed multiple biological effects, none of which are mutually exclusive. However, the severity of COVID-19 also depends on numerous comorbidities such as obesity, age, diabetes, and hypertension and care must be taken with respect to other multiple morbidities, such as host immunity. Gut microbiota in relation to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology is considered to evolve COVID-19 progression via mechanisms of biochemical metabolism, exacerbation of inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, and immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiome equilibrium through food supplements and probiotics remains a hot topic of current research and debate. In this review, we discuss the biological complications of the physio-pathological effects of COVID-19 infection, GIT immune response, and therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We also summarize the therapeutic targets of probiotics, their limitations, and the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs to effectively inhibit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

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Decoding the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Genetic support of the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Genetic support of the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

The influence of coronaviruses on the human gut microflora

COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

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