Decolorization and total nitrogen removal from batik effluent using alginate immobilized freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp.

Abstract

In this study, batik effluent treatment is carried out using immobilized Chlorella sp. in batch culture mode. This twopart study first determines the most suitable immobilized carrier matrix for the Chlorella sp. immobilization process. In this study, three immobilized carrier, namely starch, carboxylmethyl cellulose, and alginate were evaluated. Higher decolorization of batik effluent, at 77.9%, is obtained from the treatment using alginate as a immobilized matrix. Further optimization of the effects of pH, light intensity, and microalgae bead concentration on decolorization and total nitrogen (TN) removal by alginate-immobilized Chlorella sp. were determined using Box-Behnken design approach. The highest decolorization of batik effluent, at 80%, is achieved when the treatment is performed using 150 microalgal bead concentration, at pH 12, and 1000 lux. The maximum TN removal (71%) with uptake rates of 4.9 mg/L/d is observed for the cultivation at pH 7 with 150 microalgae bead concentration, and 1000 lux. The increase of pH value and microalgal bead concentration has a strong effect on decolorization and TN removal of batik effluent. These results demonstrate that the alginate immobilized Chlorella sp. has great potential to be used as an alternative approach to treat batik effluent before its discharge.

Alginate: Wastewater Treatment

“…The biosorption ability of these microorganisms can be related to the high surface area and high binding tendency during the treatment. Also, the functional groups of microalgal surface such as hydroxyl carboxylate and amino phosphate can accumulate ions or dyes on the surface of the microalgal cell biopolymer [17].…”

“…Microalgae can grow in autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, and biofuels like biodiesel and bioethanol can use as a result of the obtained biomass from the wastewater treatment process [17].…”

“…Various methods have been used to address the biomass removals such as centrifugation, filtration, flotation, and flocculation. On the other hand, immobilization techniques can be used to solve the biomass harvesting issue and simultaneously retain the high-value biomass for further processing [25] lowers the greenhouse gas emission by sequestering carbon dioxide, requiring less space [17] and improving the quality of the treated wastewater [26]. Additionally, immobilized microalgae can grow in more stable and enhancing cell tolerance to unfavorable conditions including high salinity, extreme temperature, metal toxicity, and pH value [17,27].…”

Bioremediation of batik wastewater by Rhizobacteria isolated from iron sand soils tolerant of Pb and Zn

“…FS5 (Siddiquia et al 2011), B. subtilis HAU-KK01 (Sarim et al 2019), Ganoderma weberianum (Tian et al 2013), G. lucidum (Pratiwi et al 2017), Chlorella sp. (Kassim et al 2018), Aspergillus spp. (Dewi et al 2018a;Dewi et al 2018b), and a bacterial consortium (Muchtasjar et al 2019).…”