Decommissioning cost modelling for offshore wind farms: A bottom-up approach

A Macroscale Optimal Substructure Selection for Europe's Offshore Wind Farms

“…In [65] a new cost approach is presented, by adding decommissioning costs to the existing CAPEX and OPEX. Taking the information from the oil & gas industry as a reference, the proposed model considers both the transport and the total removal of the elements that make up an offshore wind farm.…”

Techno-economic evaluation and resource assessment of hydrogen production through offshore wind farms: A European perspective

“…In this work, we consider that each manifold has 5 connection slots, except for the final manifold which can have less slots. The total cost of manifolds EC MF is expressed by Equation (23).…”

“…Hence, some detailed cost modelings have been published for wind-to-power (W2P) projects [13][14][15][16], often comparing HVAC and HVDC transport of power to shore. Depending on the level of detail, installation techniques [17] and costs are often considered [18][19][20], but also operation and maintenance [20][21][22] and decommissioning [20,23,24]. These modelings have sometimes been subject to specific adaptation, for example for floating structures in deep waters [25][26][27][28].…”

Economic and Environmental Assessments to Support the Decision-Making Process in the Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Projects

“…Moreover, OWF decommissioning includes a range of offshore operations performed by expensive vessels/equipment with leasing rates highly sensitive to the market situation and technology availability. The advances in decommissioning technology, vessels, equipment, and recycling are also in the primary stage and significant developments are expected to take place in the coming years [18][19][20].…”

“…-Only recycling emissions calculated for decommissioning stage -Emissions were considered as per tonnes of material Martinez and Iglesias [44] Cost Top-down Decommissioning costs are estimated as percentage of installation costs Judge et al [45] Cost Top-down Decommissioning costs parameters are assumed as per energy production capacity Johnston et al [46] Cost Top-down The costs related to each lifecycle stage is expressed as a given percentage of overall project cost Reimers et al [47] Emissions Top-down The decommissioning emissions are defined as a given percentage of overall emissions. Kumar et al [48] Cost Top-down Decommissioning cost is estimated as per energy production capacity Myhr et al [49] Cost Top-down Decommissioning costs are estimated as percentage of installation costs Machiridza and Bhattacharya [50] Cost Top-down The decommissioning cost is estimated as given percentage of the overall levelized cost of energy Milne et al [20] Cost Bottom-up -The overall durations for different operations considered. -Detailed duration analysis for different components of each operation, e.g., for cutting duration, was not performed.…”