Decomposition-Based Watermarking of Quantum Circuits

Saravanan, Vedika; Saeed, Samah Mohamed

doi:10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424311

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…There is a recent work [69] on watermarking of quantum circuits. It includes a secret signature during the decomposition phase to watermark the IP [69].…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey and Tutorial on Security and Resilience of Quantum Computing

Saki¹,

Alam²,

Phalak³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Present-day quantum computers suffer from various noises or errors such as, gate error, relaxation, dephasing, readout error, and crosstalk. Besides, they offer a limited number of qubits with restrictive connectivity. Therefore, quantum programs running these computers face resilience issues and low output fidelities. The noise in the cloud-based access of quantum computers also introduce new modes of security and privacy issues. Furthermore, quantum computers face several threat models from insider and outsider adversaries including input tampering, program misallocation, fault injection, Reverse Engineering (RE) and Cloning. This paper provides an overview of various assets embedded in quantum computers and programs, vulnerabilities and attack models and the relation between resilience and security. We also cover countermeasures against the reliability and security issues and present future outlook for security of quantum computing.

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“…There is a recent work [69] on watermarking of quantum circuits. It includes a secret signature during the decomposition phase to watermark the IP [69].…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey and Tutorial on Security and Resilience of Quantum Computing

Saki¹,

Alam²,

Phalak³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Shuttle-Exploiting Attacks and Their Defenses in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers

2022

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Trapped-ion (TI) quantum bits are a front-runner technology for quantum computing. TI systems with multiple interconnected traps can overcome the hardware connectivity issue inherent in superconducting qubits and can solve practical problems at scale. With a sufficient number of qubits on the horizon, the multi-programming model for Quantum Computers (QC) has been proposed where multiple users share the same QC for their computing. Multi-programming is enticing for quantum cloud providers as it can maximize device utilization, throughput, and profit for clouds. Users can also benefit from the short wait queue. However, shared access to quantum computers can create new security issues. This paper presents one such vulnerability in shared TI systems that require shuttle operations for communication among traps. Repeated shuttle operations increase quantum bit energy and degrade the reliability of computations (fidelity). We show adversarial program design approaches requiring numerous shuttles. We propose a random and systematic methodology for adversary program generation. Our analysis shows shuttle-exploiting attacks can substantially degrade the fidelities of victim programs by ≈ 2X to ≈ 63X. Finally, we present several countermeasures such as adopting a hybrid initial mapping policy, padding victim programs with dummy qubits, and capping maximum shuttles.

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Time-Aware Re-Synthesis for Secure Quantum Systems

Rasmussen,

Saeed

2024

2024 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)

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Decomposition-Based Watermarking of Quantum Circuits

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

A Survey and Tutorial on Security and Resilience of Quantum Computing

A Survey and Tutorial on Security and Resilience of Quantum Computing

Shuttle-Exploiting Attacks and Their Defenses in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers

Time-Aware Re-Synthesis for Secure Quantum Systems

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