Decomposition of 14C-labelled lignin, holocellulose and lignocellulose by mycorrhizal fungi

Trojanowski, J.; Haider, K.; Hüttermann, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00402000

Cited by 99 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Except for S. collinitus, the isolates were successful in using monosaccharides, such as arabinose, while S.granulatus and Tricholoma isolates were grown even on xylose. This is consistent with indication that some mycorrhizal fungi are able to use carbon, necessary for growth, from organic (nonhost) sources (Trojanowski et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is considered that, with few exceptions, ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycota do not have enzymes that can degrade cellulose and lignin (Hutchison 1990;Tedersoo et al, 2010), although in this respect, final conclusions have not yet been drawn. However, some ectomycorrhizal fungi, such as Tricholoma aurantium, Amanita muscaria, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon roseolus and Cenococcum geophylum (Trojanowski et al, 1984), are able to degrade lignin and cellulose, so they act as successful competitors to saprotrophs (Koide et al, 2008;Dames et al, 1999). Due to this ability, some ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to survive after lengthy dry periods or harmful disturbances in the ecosystem (Dames et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

2016

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Aim of study: This study aims to provide basic information about physiological characteristics of isolates of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray, Russula sanguinaria (Schumach.) Rauschert, Suillus collinitus (Fr) Kuntze, Suillus granulatus (L.) Rousell, Tricholoma batchii Gulden and Tricholoma imbricatum (Fr.) Kumm.Area of study: The isolates are obtained from Pinus heldreichii H. Christ forest in the south-eastern part of Montenegro. Material and methods:The isolates were molecularly characterised by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The effects of different temperatures (20, 22, 25°C), pHs (4, 4.5, 5.2, 5.8, 6.5, 7.5), and carbon (glucose, sucrose, dextrin, arabinose, xylose and starch) and nitrogen (NH 4 + , NO 3 -and protein) sources on their growth were examined under laboratory conditions.Main results: The studied factors established significant differences in the development of isolates. Isolates of R. sanguinaria, L. deliciosus and both Suillus, were characterised by faster growth at 22°C, while Tricholoma isolates grew faster at 25°C. S. granulatus, S. collinitus and T. imbticatum isolates grew well at lower pH values (4 -5.2), while L. deliciosus, R. sanguinaria and T. bachii exhibited faster growth at pHs between 5.8 and 6.5. The examined isolates were able to utilize various carbohydrates as carbon sources. The biggest mycelial growth was characterised for sucrose, then glucose, dextrin, arabinose, starch and xylose. They grew on all examined nitrogen sources, while the biggest mycelia growth was achieved on ammonium, followed by nitrate and protein. Those characteristics varied amongst the species.Research highlights: Information about physiological characteristics of Tricholoma, Lactarius, Russula, as well as Suillus, are sparse. Hence, the data obtained in this study could contribute to the understanding of their function in ecosystems.Keywords: Lactarius; Montenegro; physiology; RFLP analysis; Russula; Suillus; Tricholoma. Citation: Lazarević, J., Stojičić, D., Keča, N. (2016). Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest. Forest Systems, Volume 25, Issue 1, e048. http://dx.doi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

2016

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“…Several studies have shown degradative abilities of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and it has been proposed that the utilization of complex organic compounds by these fungi might have a fundamental role in the nutrient cycles of boreal forests (Read, 1991;Lindahl et al, 2002). Some ectomycorrhizal fungi have been shown to produce peroxidase activity in pure culture (Bending and Read, 1997) and to release 14 C from labeled aromatic complexes such as lignin, lignocellulose and coniferyl alcohol (Trojanowski et al, 1984;Haselwandter et al, 1990). Chambers et al (1999) recovered a 260-bp ClassII peroxidase-encoding sequence fragment from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tylospora fibrillosa, and also measured enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ClassII peroxidase-encoding genes are present in a phylogenetically wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Bödeker

Nygren

Taylor³

et al. 2009

The ISME Journal

160

123

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Fungal peroxidases (ClassII) have a key role in degrading recalcitrant polyphenolic compounds in boreal forest wood, litter and humus. To date, their occurrence and activity have mainly been studied in a small number of white-rot wood decomposers. However, peroxidase activity is commonly measured in boreal forest humus and mineral soils, in which ectomycorrhizal fungi predominate. Here, we used degenerate PCR primers to investigate whether peroxidase-encoding genes are present in the genomes of a wide phylogenetic range of ectomycorrhizal taxa. Cloning and sequencing of PCR products showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi from several different genera possess peroxidase genes. The new sequences represent four major homobasidiomycete lineages, but the majority is derived from Cortinarius, Russula and Lactarius. These genera are ecologically important, but consist mainly of non-culturable species from which little ecophysiological information is available. The amplified sequences contain conserved active sites, both for folding and substrate oxidation. In some Cortinarius spp., there is evidence for gene duplications during the evolution of the genus. ClassII peroxidases seem to be an ancient and a common feature of most homobasidiomycetes, including ectomycorrhizal fungi. Production of extracellular peroxidases may provide ectomycorrhizal fungi with access to nitrogen sequestered in complex polyphenolic sources.

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“…In the complex settings of forest ecosystems, even in those with few plant species, there is often a diverse flora of sporocarps of fungal decomposers and mycorrhizal fungi (3)(4)(5). However, the trophic status of many fungal species remains unclear: that is, whether they obtain their C by decomposing dead organic material or from living plants by forming mycorrhizal root symbioses (6). The small size and cryptic growth form of most fungal mycelia effectively restricts in situ observations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Natural ¹³ C abundance reveals trophic status of fungi and host-origin of carbon in mycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests

Högberg

Plamboeck²,

Taylor³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

166

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Fungi play crucial roles in the biogeochemistry of terrestrial ecosystems, most notably as saprophytes decomposing organic matter and as mycorrhizal fungi enhancing plant nutrient uptake. However, a recurrent problem in fungal ecology is to establish the trophic status of species in the field. Our interpretations and conclusions are too often based on extrapolations from laboratory microcosm experiments or on anecdotal field evidence. Here, we used natural variations in stable carbon isotope ratios (␦ 13 C) as an approach to distinguish between fungal decomposers and symbiotic mycorrhizal fungal species in the rich sporocarp f lora (our sample contains 135 species) of temperate forests. We also demonstrated that host-specific mycorrhizal fungi that receive C from overstorey or understorey tree species differ in their ␦ 13 C. The many promiscuous mycorrhizal fungi, associated with and connecting several tree hosts, were calculated to receive 57-100% of their C from overstorey trees. Thus, overstorey trees also support, partly or wholly, the nutrientabsorbing mycelia of their alleged competitors, the understorey trees.

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Decomposition of 14C-labelled lignin, holocellulose and lignocellulose by mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 99 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

ClassII peroxidase-encoding genes are present in a phylogenetically wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Natural ¹³ C abundance reveals trophic status of fungi and host-origin of carbon in mycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests

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Decomposition of 14C-labelled lignin, holocellulose and lignocellulose by mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 99 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

ClassII peroxidase-encoding genes are present in a phylogenetically wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Natural 13 C abundance reveals trophic status of fungi and host-origin of carbon in mycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests

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Natural ¹³ C abundance reveals trophic status of fungi and host-origin of carbon in mycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests