Decomposition of cellulose by microorganisms

Siu, R. G. H.; Reese, Elwyn T.

doi:10.1007/bf02861823

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Hence, in this study, a series of alternating conditions including N and labile-C addition were applied to accelerate degradation under high soil temperatures (except freeze-thaw cycles). The results suggest that especially C from feedstock and steam-carbonized HTCs was readily available to microorganisms, as indicated by high amounts of cellulose and large elemental ratios H/C and O/C (Siu and Reese, 1953;Eibisch et al, 2013). Water-carbonized HTCw was less degradable than HTCs and feedstock, but still significantly more degradable than biochar.…”

Section: C-degradationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Degradation of Miscanthus × giganteus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock under the influence of disturbance events

Schimmelpfennig¹,

Kammann

Mumme

et al. 2017

Applied Soil Ecology

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Little is known about the degradation and environmental impacts of carbon (C) amendments such as hydrochar and biochar in soil under the influence of disturbance events such as wetting, freeze-thaw cycles, manual stirring, and glucose additions. Thus, we assessed the degradation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Miscanthus x giganteus biochar (from pyrolysis), hydrochar (from steam and water hydrothermal carbonization, HTCs and HTCw), the uncarbonized feedstock material in a sandy and a loamy soil, compared to a control, with four replicates per treatment. The C amendments were mixed with soil at a rate of ~20 t/ha wt% and incubated at 30°C over the period of 441 days. Over the whole incubation period, the soil mixtures were exposed consecutively to different disturbance events, with the intention to simulate a worst-case scenario for C degradation and GHG emissions. The degradation kinetics were quantified by source partitioning of the headspace 13 C-CO 2 and the application of an isotope two-component mixing model. Additionally, microbial biomass and composition were quantified and characterized at the end of the experimental period by chloroform fumigation extraction and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The molecular composition and structural properties of the C amendments obtained by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy proved to be suitable indicators for the CO 2 emissions which followed the sequence feedstock > HTCs > HTCw > biochar over the experimental duration. The addition of glucose triggered a short-lived, temporary co-mineralization of the otherwise recalcitrant materials HTCw and biochar. Among all C amendments, biochar proved most recalcitrant against decomposition and disturbance in both soils with a calculated recovery rate of 95-99% of the initially added biochar-C.Additionally, biochar amendment led to a decreased decomposition of soil organic C, especially in sandy soil.3

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Section: C-degradationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Degradation of Miscanthus × giganteus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock under the influence of disturbance events

Schimmelpfennig¹,

Kammann

Mumme

et al. 2017

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…Phycomycetes are the first to appear on incubated dung and members of the Myxobacterales may also appear with these primary colonizers. At this stage the Hyphomycetes and Ascomycetes, which are generally able to decompose cellulose (Siu and Reese, 1953), begin to dominate the substrate. The Basidiomycetes, chiefly Coprinus spp., are the last to appear.…”

Section: Succession On Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Digested Litter

Lodha

1974

Biology of Plant Litter Decomposition

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“…The b-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds induce multiple intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus leading to very rigid parallel-oriented chains. [4] Reese et al [5] found that the hydrolysis of cotton and cellulose is a synergistically action of multiple enzymes. [3] Hemicellulose is a branched heteropolymer of mainly xylose, about 84 %, and other saccharides such as arabinose, galactose, mannose, and glucose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it was discovered that cellulose is degraded to water-soluble saccharides by enzymes from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. [4] Reese et al [5] found that the hydrolysis of cotton and cellulose is a synergistically action of multiple enzymes. Three groups of cellulases have since been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Saccharide Acrylate Monomers from Nonedible Biomass

Kloosterman

Brouwer

Loos³

2014

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Various cellulase preparations were found to catalyze the transglycosidation between cotton linters and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The conversion and enzyme activity were found to be optimal in reaction mixtures that contained 5 vol % of the acrylate. The structures of the products were revealed by using TLC and (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction resulted in two products. The minor product originated from transglycosidation to hemicellulose and was found to be 2-(β-xylosyloxy)-ethyl acrylate. The major product was identified as 2-(β-glucosyloxy)-ethyl acrylate and the yield of the product was 5 wt % based on the amount of consumed cellulose. Glycosidation products with oligosaccharide moieties could not be detected in the reaction mixture. This result can be explained by the hydrolytic activities of the used cellulase preparation. Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei was found to possess, in addition to endoglucanase activity, cellobiosidase and β-glucosidase activities. Five other cellulase preparations from different origins were tested as well for catalysis of oligosaccharide acrylate synthesis. For most cellulase preparations the major transglycosidation product appeared to be 2-(β-glucosyloxy)-ethyl acrylate. Nevertheless, the endo-β-(1,4)-glucanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum was found to catalyze the synthesis of 2-(β-cellobiosyloxy)-ethyl acrylate. Unlike the other cellulase preparations, endo-β-(1,4)-glucanase from T. longibrachiatum showed no detectable β-glucosidase activity and therefore oligosaccharide acrylate monomers were not further hydrolyzed into the monosaccharide acrylate 2-(β-glucosyloxy)-ethyl acrylate.

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Decomposition of cellulose by microorganisms

Cited by 53 publications

References 103 publications

Degradation of Miscanthus × giganteus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock under the influence of disturbance events

Degradation of Miscanthus × giganteus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock under the influence of disturbance events

Decomposition of Digested Litter

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Saccharide Acrylate Monomers from Nonedible Biomass

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