Decrease of hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity induced by formalin pain

Aloisi, Anna Maria; Albonetti, Maria Emanuela; Lodi, Leda; Lupo, Concetta; Carli, Giancarlo

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90498-c

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Aloisi et al [218] reported that unilateral formalin injection greatly impaired bilateral ChAT activity. Subsequently, Aloisi et al [219] confirmed the result by showing that formalin injection reduced ChAT activity in male rats and increased adrenocorticotropic hormone in female rats.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the hippocampal formation in pain information processing

2009

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Abstract:Pain is a complex experience consisting of sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. Now it has been gradually known that noxious information is processed by a widely-distributed, hierarchicallyinterconnected neural network, referred to as neuromatrix, in the brain. Thus, identifying the multiple neural networks subserving these functional aspects and harnessing this knowledge to manipulate the pain response in new and beneficial ways are challenging tasks. Albeit with elaborate research efforts on the cortical responses to painful stimuli or clinical pain, involvement of the hippocampal formation (HF) in pain is still a matter of controversy. Here, we integrate previous animal and human studies from the viewpoint of HF and pain, sequentially representing anatomical, behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular/ biochemical and functional imaging evidence supporting the role of HF in pain processing. At last, we further expound on the relationship between pain and memory and present some unresolved issues.

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Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the hippocampal formation in pain information processing

2009

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“…It has been shown that the cholinergic system can react very rapidly to changes in afferent signals. For example, noxious stimulation provokes a reduction of ChAT activity in the hippocampus within 30 minutes (Aloisi et al, 1993). Also, peripheral nerve transections in the rat produce early decreases of high-affinity choline uptake (-30%) and ChAT activity (-15%) in the contralateral hindpaw representation of somatosensory cortex.…”

Section: Loss Of Chat Immunoreactivity In Ach Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease and long‐term recovery of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in adult cat somatosensory cortex after peripheral nerve transections

Avendaño

Umbriaco

Dykes

et al. 1995

J of Comparative Neurology

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The functional reorganization of cerebral cortex following peripheral deafferentation is associated with changes in a number of neurotransmitters and related molecules. Acetylcholine (ACh) enhances neuronal responsiveness and could play a role in activity-dependent cortical plasticity. In this study, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry was used to investigate ACh innervation of the primary somatosensory cortex in cats sustaining complete unilateral forearm and paw denervations. Survival times of 2-52 weeks were examined. The deafferented contralateral cortex was defined electrophysiologically, and quantitative estimates of ChAT-immunoreactive fiber density were obtained from the forelimb and hindlimb sectors of area 3b in both hemispheres. In the 3b forelimb sector contralateral to the deafferentation, a decrease in density of ChAT-positive fibers relative to the ipsilateral hemisphere was apparent at 2 weeks and most pronounced at 13 weeks, involving all cortical layers except layer I. There was no such decrease in the hindlimb sector, but the loss of ChAT immunoreactivity extended to sectors representing proximal forelimb and trunk. Changes in ChAT immunoreactivity were no longer found after 1 year of survival. This long-lasting but reversible lowering of ChAT immunoreactivity could result from a loss of afferent activity in basalis neurons and/or trophic influences retrogradely exerted by cortex on these cells. Reduced ACh transmission might then contribute to the loss of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition in the deafferented cortex by decreasing the activation of inhibitory interneurons. The long-term recovery of a normal ChAT immunoreactivity in cortex could be a consequence of its functional reorganization.

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“…Aloisi et al (1993) reported that subcutaneous injection of formalin into the rat hind paw induced a persistent nociceptive behavior and a prolonged decrease in DH activity of choline acetyltransferase. In our study, microinjection of carbachol into the DH of guinea pigs produced antinociception, which was demonstrated by a decrease in the vocalization response after a peripheral noxious stimulus (decreased VI).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACh and atropine microinjection promoted opposite effects on the excitability of hippocampus neurons previously modified by the peripheral painful stimulus (Khanna and Sinclair, 1992;Yang et al, 2008). Moreover, apparent conflicting effects have been found in response to a noxious stimulation produced by formalin; while Ceccarelli et al (1999) found an increase in a release of ACh in the hippocampus of mice, Aloisi et al (1993) reported a prolonged decrease in activity of the AChsynthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) of rats. Klamt and Prado (1991), using the tail-flick test, demonstrated that microinjection of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol into the hippocampus attenuated pain behaviors in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%