Decrease of hospital- and community-acquired bloodstream infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A time-series analysis in Paris region

Amarsy, Rishma; Fournier, Sandra; Monteil, Catherine; Raynaud, Xavier; Arlet, Guillaume; Lefevre, LaurenceArmand; Aubry, Alexandra; Bélec, Laurent; Berçot, Béatrice; Bonacorsi, Stéphane; Cálvez, Vincent; Cambau, Emmanuelle; Carbonnelle, Étienne; Chevaliez, Stéphane; Decousser, Jean‐Winoc; Delaugerre, Constance; Descamps, Diane; Doucet‐Populaire, Florence; Gaillard, Jean‐Louis; Garbarg‐Chenon, Antoine; Gault, Elyanne; Herrmann, Jean-Louis; Jarlier, Vincent; Goff, Jérôme Le; Lucet, Jean‐Christophe; Mainardi, Jean–Luc; Marcellin, Anne-Geneviève; Morand‐Joubert, Laurence; Nassif, Xavier; Pawlotsky, Jean‐Michel; Robert, Jérôme; Afonso, Anne-Marie Roque; Rottman, Martin; Rouzioux, Christine; Rozenberg, Flore; Simon, François; Véziris, Nicolas; Skurnik, David; Zahar, Jean‐Ralph; Barnaud, Guilène; Pomares, Typhaine Billard; Cuzon, Gaëlle; Decré, Dominique; Doloy, Alexandra; Donay, Jean-Luc; Drieux-Rouzet, Laurence; Durand, Isabelle; Ferroni, Agnès; Fihman, Vincent; Fortineau, Nicolas; Gomart, Camille; Grall, Nathalie; Caruba, Christelle Guillet; Jauréguy, Françoise; Lalande, V.; Landraud, Luce; Leflon, Véronique; Mariani, Patricia; Mihaila, Liliana; Moissenet, Didier; Noussair, Latifa; Podglajen, Isabelle; Poîlane, I.; Poupet, Hélène; Rondinaud, Emilie; Tardy, Valérie Sivadon; Trystram, David; Verdet, Charlotte; Vigier, Emmanuelle; Billarant, Sophie Vimont

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2022.09.002

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This low incidence in 2021 is consistent with the lower rate seen in 2020 (6.85 cases per 100,000 population) and can likely be attributed to indirect effects of the containment measures put in place in 2020 to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus (COVID-19). Numerous studies have observed that invasive bacterial disease activity due to pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets (including S. pyogenes ) decreased during this time (( 2 , 8 – 10 )).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022

Golden,

Griffith,

Tyrell

et al. 2024

CCDR

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Background Invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS, Streptococcus pyogenes ) disease has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, emm types, and antimicrobial resistance of iGAS isolates collected in Canada in 2021 and 2022. Methods The Public Health Agency of Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of invasive S. pyogenes . Emm typing was performed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emm sequencing protocol or extracted from whole-genome sequencing data. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines or predicted from whole-genome sequencing data based on the presence of resistance determinants. Results Overall, the incidence of iGAS disease in Canada was 5.56 cases per 100,000 population in 2021, decreasing from the peak of 8.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2018. A total of 2,630 iGAS isolates were collected during 2022, representing an increase from 2021 (n=2,179). In particular, there was a large increase in isolates collected from October to December 2022. The most predominant emm type overall in 2021 and 2022 was emm 49, at 21.5% (n=468) and 16.9% (n=444), respectively, representing a significant increase in prevalence since 2018 ( p <0.0001). The former most prevalent type, emm 1, increased from 0.5% (n=10) in 2021 to 4.8% (n=125) in 2022; similarly, emm 12 increased from 1.0% (n=22) in 2021 to 5.8% (n=151) in 2022. These two types together accounted for almost 25% of isolates collected in late 2022 (October to December). Antimicrobial resistance rates in 2021 and 2022 included: 14.9%/14.1% erythromycin resistance, 4.8%/3.0% clindamycin resistance, and <1% chloramphenicol resistance. Conclusion The increase of iGAS isolates collected in Canada is an important public health concern. Continued surveillance of iGAS is critical to monitor expanding emm types and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022

Golden,

Griffith,

Tyrell

et al. 2024

CCDR

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“…A large prospective surveillance study showed a decline in S. pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Neisseria meningitidis in 26 countries during the time when public health containment efforts were in place to decrease the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [ 4 ]. Smaller studies reported decreases in IPD, community-acquired pneumonia, and bloodstream infections due to pneumococcus in multiple countries [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada, during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020–2022

Ricketson

Kellner

2023

Microorganisms

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We describe the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Calgary. IPD declined significantly worldwide during 2020 and 2021. This may be due to the reduced transmission of and decrease in circulating viruses that often co-infect with the opportunistic pneumococcus. Pneumococcus has not been shown to frequently co-infect or cause secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. We examined and compared incidence rates in Calgary per quarter in the pre-vaccine, post-vaccine, 2020 and 2021 (pandemic) and 2022 (late pandemic) eras. We also conducted a time series analysis from 2000–2022 allowing for change in trend at introduction of vaccines and for initiation of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Incidence declined in 2020/2021 but by the end of 2022 had begun to rapidly recover to near pre-vaccine rates. This recovery may be related to the high rates of viral activity in the winter of 2022 along with childhood vaccines being delayed during the pandemic. However, a large proportion of the IPD caused in the last quarter of 2022 was serotype 4, which has caused outbreaks in the homeless population of Calgary in the past. Further surveillance will be important to understand IPD incidence trends in the post-pandemic landscape.

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“…In this era, it is not common to observe GAS pneumonia, especially in a developed country where resource-intensive medicine dominates, although cases of GAS pneumonia associated with COVID-19 have been reported, as detailed by Coşkun et al in their case series, suggesting a possible rise in incidence. On the other side, a time-series analysis of 25 university hospitals, done by Amarsy et al, discussed the rise in GAS invasive infections (not restricted to pneumonia) detected in blood cultures, after the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020, yet this infection rate eventually decreased by 28% due to extreme contingency measures implemented in this hospitals [ 9 , 10 ]. The literature is limited on whether or not there is a rise in GAS pneumonia due to COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in 2020, yet this infection rate eventually decreased by 28% due to extreme contingency measures implemented in this hospitals[9,10]. The literature is limited on whether or not there is a rise in GAS pneumonia due to COVID-19.By reporting more cases of this relatively uncommon cause of pneumonia, we hope to generate increased awareness of a serious, albeit uncommon pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Group A Streptococcus Pneumonia in a Previously Healthy Individual: Is It Still a Thing?

Casillas,

Briski,

Salik

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Group A streptococcus (GAS) is known to cause many different kinds of infections, including invasive pneumonia in rare cases. When it is the causative agent, it is associated with a more severe disease course, but it can often be adequately treated if caught early enough. We hereby present the case of a 32-year-old male with no past medical history who presented with fever, hemoptysis, and tachycardia. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis, hyponatremia, mild transaminitis, and elevated creatine kinase. Initial imaging findings and clinical presentation were concerning for tuberculosis (TB) vs. community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), as it yielded a consolidation in the right upper lobe. The patient had no obvious risk factor except for imprisonment two years prior to symptoms onset. Empirical antibiotics and steroids were started. Quantiferon and acid-fast bacteria (AFB) were negative, but sputum and blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus pyogenes, ruling out TB. Antibiotic therapy was narrowed down. The patient responded well to therapy, with subsequent resolution of symptoms. The current body of knowledge regarding respiratory infections caused by GAS is limited by multiple factors, including its relative rarity and the diversity of how it can present, especially in a developed country. Its mimicry characteristics of other clinical entities, such as TB, can be deceiving, which can delay appropriate treatment if it occurs in settings where the diagnostic tools are not readily available. By sharing more cases and atypical presentations of this disease, the clinical presentations of this pathogen can be more fully understood, and it can be more rapidly identified and treated.

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Decrease of hospital- and community-acquired bloodstream infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A time-series analysis in Paris region

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022

Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021–2022

Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada, during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020–2022

Group A Streptococcus Pneumonia in a Previously Healthy Individual: Is It Still a Thing?

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