Decreased Appetite after High-Intensity Exercise Correlates with Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Boys

Abstract

Background: High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the effects of HIEX-induced inflammatory and stress biomarkers on appetite control and body weight have not been reported in children or adults. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the effects of acute HIEX at 70% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) on postexercise appetite and selective biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and appetite regulatory hormones in normal-weight (NW) and in overweight/obese boys. Methods: NW (n = 11) and overweight/obese (n = 11) boys aged 10–18 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to either rest or HIEX. Visual analog scale appetite ratings and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured after HIEX or rest. Results: Appetite increased from baseline to 110 min (P < 0.001), but was lower after HIEX (P = 0.04), with no difference between body weight groups. HIEX also resulted in lower active ghrelin (P < 0.001) and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001), and cortisol (P < 0.001) concentrations, independent of body weight. It increased blood glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P = 0.028) concentrations in NW but not overweight and obese boys. Leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, C-reactive protein, and cortisol were not affected by HIEX. An inverse correlation was found between IL-6 and appetite (r = −0.379; P = 0.012), but not any other biomarkers. Conclusions: HIEX resulted in reduced appetite that correlated with an increase in IL-6 in both NW and overweight/obese boys. However, although a role for IL-6 in the response can be suggested, the suppression of appetite was potentially mediated by the decrease in active ghrelin and/or increase in cortisol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02619461.

Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats: Ameliorated by Otostegia fruticosa

“…Weight loss is an indicator of the severity of intestinal inflammation and correlates with the histopathological changes of colitis [ 45 ]. It has been reported earlier that, in colitis, increased levels of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 have a significant contribution to body weight reduction by the release of appetite suppressive neuropeptides [ 46 ]. Additionally, in the present study, AA administration resulted in significantly decreased body weight, which might be due to decreased food intake or malabsorption, and massive fluid loss through rectal bleeding and diarrhea.…”

Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Sprague Dawley Rats Is Suppressed by Hydroethanolic Extract ofCordia vigneiLeaves through Reduced Serum Levels of TNF-αand IL-6

“…Loss of weight in colitis is due to deficiency of nutrients resulting from reduced appetite, food aversion or malabsorption, and rapid loss of body fluid through colorectal bleeding and diarrhoea. Also, TNF-α and IL-6 contribute immensely to loss of body weight in colitis by releasing neuropeptides that suppress appetite and precipitate cachexia [19]. Though serum levels of both TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced by sulfasalazine and the extract, loss of body weight was not significantly Figure 3: Effect of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Cordia vignei on macroscopic score of colons of acetic acid-induced colitic rats.…”

Vitamin C reduces interleukin-6 plasma concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

“…Undoubtedly, among the currently available drugs, vitamin C is a suitable and logical option for use to alleviate ARDS [34,46]. Moreover, IL-6 is a biomarker that reduces appetite [47] and increases cachexia in sepsis conditions [48].…”