Deducing Non‐Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Middle Thermosphere With GOLD Observations of the Earth's far Ultraviolet Dayglow From Geostationary Orbit

Abstract

The temperature and composition of the middle thermosphere change drastically with altitude. The neutral temperature increases sharply with altitude while the density of neutral constituents tends to decrease exponentially according to their respective scale heights (as well as the production and loss mechanisms for certain species). Atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen are the two main constituents of this region. The vertical column density ratio of these two ( E  O/N 2 ) is a sensitive measure of thermosphere composition. Any upward propagating waves present in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) can impact middle thermosphere temperature and composition structures. A subset of thermal atmospheric tides, including some

Hemispherically Asymmetric Evolution of Nighttime Ionospheric Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the American Longitude Sector

“…GOLD provides Far Ultraviolet images of the same region (over 120°longitude × 140°latitude) in the same UT range every day. It uses two Channels (Channel A and B) during the daytime to observe Earth's airglow emission from 134 to ∼162 nm with a spectral resolution of 0.2 nm (Eastes et al, 2017(Eastes et al, , 2020, which are utilized to derive thermospheric composition and temperature Krier et al, 2021;Qian et al, 2022). During the nighttime, it observes the OI 135.6 nm with a spectral resolution of 0.4 nm (Eastes et al, 2019).…”

Exospheric Temperature Measured by NASA‐GOLD Under Low Solar Activity: Comparison With Other Data Sets

“…Figure 6 presented correlation diagrams of GOLD T exo with various thermospheric parameters representative of various altitudes. In Figure 6a, the GOLD T disk , which represents thermospheric temperature at ∼150 km (Krier et al, 2021), is well correlated (R = 0.85) with GOLD T exo . This is consistent with previous studies: temperature at altitudes around 150 km was reported to be correlated to T exo (e.g., Meier et al, 2015, Figures 15 and 16): see also Zhang et al (2019, p. 5854).…”

Reducing the Ionospheric Contamination Effects on the Column O/N2 Ratio and Its Application to the Identification of Non‐Migrating Tides

“…Using $${\Sigma }$$O/N 2 from the Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD), Krier et al. (2021) showed observations of non‐migrating diurnal tides in GOLD $${\Sigma }$$O/N 2 based on dusk—dawn differences and included a discussion of potential ionospheric contamination effect, concluding that the impact could vary by season with the higher impact during boreal fall than that during boreal winter.…”